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Charles Sandrine Ratier Aude Baudrot Virgile Multari Gauthier Siberchicot Aurélie Wu Dan Lopes Christelle 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29244-29257
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the European Union, more than 100,000 man-made chemical substances are awaiting an environmental risk assessment (ERA). Simultaneously, ERA of... 相似文献
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Charles Curtin 《Conservation biology》2003,17(4):1188-1190
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Amy T. Mysz Charles G. Maurice Robert F. Beltran Kendra A. Cipollini John P. Perrecone Karen M. Rodriguez Mary L. White 《Environmental Science & Policy》2000,3(6):46
The Critical Ecosystems Team of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 5, has developed an approach to prioritize and target ecologically high-quality areas for enhanced environmental protection in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Using this approach, we intend to employ a pro-active strategy to protect the environment by protecting and restoring natural ecosystems rather than the traditional EPA approach of remediating and attempting to restore already degraded habitats. The approach consists of two components: (1) partnership and (2) criteria. For the partnership component, we collected, mapped, and summarized information on ecosystems considered critical to federal and state agencies, tribes and non-profit organizations. Multi-county areas with high numbers of ecosystems identified by a variety of partners were designated as ‘Ecologically Rich Regions’. These Ecologically Rich Regions highlight broad geographic areas where there are high levels of partner interest and, correspondingly, areas with high potential for forming collaborative partnerships for enhanced environmental protection. The second component, which relies on criteria, is still under development and defines critical ecosystems as having three important properties: (1) high ecological diversity, (2) potential for long-term sustainability and (3) presence of relict native ecosystems or communities. The information compiled under both components of this ecosystem targeting approach will inform ecological risk managers and assessors about important ecosystems that should be considered in risk management and assessment processes. 相似文献
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Charles A. S. Hall 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(1):19-53
In this paper I undertake a preliminary assessment for the tropics of the relation of economic development, meaning in general
increases in economic activity as measured by e.g. GDP, and its normal biophysical corollaries of increased resource use and
land use change. I also examine each in relation to the intellectual concepts that underlie and guide what is commonly called
economic development. Because most of the development literature is derived from economics or other social sciences, and focuses
almost entirely on lifting people’s standards of living as measured in monetary units, very little examines the per unit biophysical
requirements of that development, including energy or other resource use requirements, land use change or other environmental
consequences of development plans. In addition there seems to be insufficient connection between those who create economic
development plans and those who undertake empirical biophysical assessments to determine whether the development plan has
worked or can possibly work. The problem is deeper: there exists a series of models used in the development literature that
have been used to encourage and guide development. These models have received very little scrutiny as to either their efficacy
or their societal or environmental impacts until quite recently. When this has been done the models have been shown to fail
miserably. It is time to develop a new model of development that synthesizes conventional economic, biophysical economic and
social aspects, and that is based on the scientific method rather than on perceived wisdom. This model must also take into
account population growth, issues of who wins and who looses from economic development, and the implications of the incipient peak in global oil production. 相似文献
777.
The rising rate of multiple pregnancies and its association with advanced maternal age has expanded the need for prenatal diagnosis in twins and higher order gestations. The complexity of the invasive diagnostic procedures and the risk of loss of an unaffected twin raise significant clinical, technical and ethical issues. In this review we discuss the specific issues of early scanning, counseling and determination of chorionicity prior to invasive procedures in twins. We present the available data describing the risk associated with these procedures in twins and compare data of fetal loss rate from different studies. We also discuss the issues of fetal blood sampling and late karyotyping in twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Charles A. Brandt William H. Rickard Jr. 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1996,43(3):201-216
Estimating contaminant distributions in environmental media is necesary to evaluate human and ecological hazards. Because of uncertainties in release histories and transport, traditional sampling and statistical techniques applicable to the experimental sciences may not be suitable for exploratory studies at hazardous waste sites. An approach that relies on cluster analysis of principal components (PCA) was used to identify contaminated wild asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) growing in the vicinity of waste disposal sites along the Columbia River at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeast Washington state. Metals in soil samples taken from the sites contained elevated levels of Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn, and V. Samples of asparagus tissue were collected from the river near the waste site, from Hanford old fields abandoned 52 years ago, and from commercial fields in the neighboring communities. Dried tissues were analyzed for metals content by ICP-mass spectrometry, furnace AA, and cold vapor AA. Tissue concentrations of elements varied over 5 orders of magnitude, from K at 46 900 ppm to As and Ag at maximum concentrations below 1 ppm. PCA produced four components that accounted for 66.2% of the metals variance. Subsequent cluster analysis using Ward's minimum variance separated the data into Columbia River and old-field groups, with the River group further divided into three clusters: plants primarily upriver from the waste sites, plants primarily downriver, and plants growing in or near the waste sites. The clustering showed that the more soluble components of the discharges (Ba and Ca) showed a pattern of distribution in the asparagus plants consistent with the ground water flow pattern, in that these elements were found far downriver of the disposal sites themselves. In contrast, the less mobile elements Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Tl, and Zn were elevated only near the most-recently used waste disposal area. Asparagus from agricultural fields, including fields abandoned 50 years ago, contained higher concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, K, and Ni than did the wild riverine plants.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
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