代表性二级处理、三级处理和湿地生态修复技术对城镇污水人源干细胞毒性的削减

污水中的难降解污染物往往具有浓度低但毒性强的特点,可以通过多种暴露途径直接或间接对人体健康产生有害影响,因此有必要评估污水处理技术对健康效应的削减效果.本研究选择人骨髓间充质干细胞(human bone marrow mesenchy-mal stem cells,hBMSCs)体外模型,评估典型二级处理、三级处理和湿地修复技术进水、主要工艺排水的综合毒性,并与发光菌急性毒性测试结果进行比较.水样萃取物对hBMSCs的细胞毒性呈剂量依赖性关系,进水毒性单位(toxicity unit,TU)在0.03～ 0.22范围内,出水TU为0.02 ～ 0.03.二级处理技术对细胞毒性的削减率为59.8％.三级处理过程中经混凝、微滤和反渗透处理后,出水无显著细胞毒性,但经臭氧消毒后最终排水的细胞毒性较进水无显著变化.湿地修复技术对细胞毒性的削减率为49.9％.66.7％ (14/21)水样品对于hBMSCs细胞毒性的TU值高于发光菌急性毒性的TU值.在相对富集倍数(related fold enrichment,REF)20％效应浓度(EC20)下,二级处理和三级处理技术对污水hBMSCs细胞毒性的削减率低于发光菌急性毒性,但湿地修复技术对细胞毒性的削减率高于发光菌急性毒性.结果 提示污水处理厂排水中残留的难降解有机污染物对人源干细胞具有较强的有害效应,为再生水水质安全性评价以及城镇污水资源化技术研发提供参考依据和方法.     

β-萘磺酸钠生产废水的处理

先采用液膜分离技术对β-萘磺酸钠生产废水进行处理,回收其中的β-萘磺酸钠,然后用H2O2-Fe2+催化氧化法进行深度处理,取得很好的效果。废水COD和色度去除率分别可达99.54％和94.14％,处理后的废水达到排放标准     

Ecological footprint of Shandong, China

Ecological footprint has been given much attention and widely praised as an effective heuristic and pedagogic device for presenting current total human resource use in a way that communicates easily to almost everyone since 1996 when Wackernagel and Rees proposed it as a sustainable development indicator. Ecological footprint has been improving on its calculation and still can be a benchmark to measure sustainable development although there are still ongoing debates about specific methods for calculating the ecological footprint.This paper calculates the ecological footprint of Shandong Province, China with the methodology developed by Wackernagel and analyzes the current situation of sustainable development in Shandong.     

Full-scale study of removal effect on Cyclops of zooplankton with chlorine dioxide

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a full-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Cyclops removal was conducted in a waterworks. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects: including the Cyclops removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank and sand filter and the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Cyclops than chlorine and Cyclops could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that of prechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.     

Exposure to metal mixtures and human health impacts in a contaminated area in Nanning, China

Cadmium and lead have been identified as very toxic metals, which are widely present in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic emissions. Many studies have shown that the food chain is the main pathway of cadmium and lead transfer from the environment to humans. It is well documented that many factors will affect their transfer through food chains. Previous investigations on heavy metals were mostly concentrated on one contaminant in isolation. However, in real environments, exposure to mixtures of metals is ubiquitous such that cadmium pollution is invariably being associated with lead and zinc, etc. This study focuses on the contamination and health effects of the metal mixtures. For this purpose, a dietary survey was taken for 3 groups in Nanning in October 2002. Samples of soils, plants (vegetables), urine and blood of humans were measured for Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Pb, in addition, the urinary indicators of renal dysfunction Albumin (ALB), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Beta-2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and Retinol-binding protein (RBP) in urine were also measured. Results showed that soil contamination with metal mixtures had caused significant renal dysfunction of the local residents living in the contaminated area, and the dose-response curve was somewhat altered by the mixed contamination of Cd and Pb as well as the intake of other minerals. The importance of mixtures of metal contamination and human health are also discussed in this paper.     

土壤干旱胁迫对Larrea tridentata叶片矿质营养元素含量的影响

研究了土壤干旱胁迫对Larrea tridentata叶片10种营养元素含量的影响.结果表明:N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量在土壤干旱胁迫下的变化趋势基本相同,都是在轻度水分胁迫时略有下降,随着土壤水分胁迫的加重,含量逐渐增加,只有P含量在重度水分胁迫(土壤水势为-2.415 MPa)时有所下降;在土壤水势超过了萎蔫系数后,L.tridentata的各大量营养元素含量仍能维持在较高水平有助于增强其抗旱性;L.tridentata叶片微量元素(Fe、B、Mn、Cu、Mo)含量对土壤干旱胁迫的反映不敏感,各微量营养元素的含量在土壤干旱胁迫时与正常土壤水分状态时没有显著差异;总的来讲,在土壤水分胁迫状况下,L.tridentata能通过对自身营养元素调节的方式来提高自身的抗旱性,表现出较强的抗旱性.     

焦化废水处理系统中喹啉降解菌的种群特征

从首钢及武钢焦化废水处理系统中分离筛选出10 株高效喹啉降解细菌,16S rRNA 鉴定表明它们分别属于假单胞菌及丛毛单胞菌2个属.对这些高效降解菌进行了降解基因片断的PCR 扩增,发现所有假单胞菌属的喹啉降解菌均含有编码转化喹啉为2-羟基喹啉和2,8-二羟基喹啉的基因片断.16S rRNA 与降解基因系统发育树的对比分析,表明细菌进化过程中可能存在的基因突变和水平基因转移现象.根据假单胞菌属的喹啉降解菌降解基因的特异性,利用荧光原位杂交技术对该菌在首钢活性污泥中的种群空间分布进行了检测.另外,对高效降解菌的质粒分布做了初步的探讨,发现喹啉降解基因可能主要编码在细菌的染色体上.     

Varying water column stability controls the denitrification process in a subtropical reservoir, Southwest China

Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide（N₂O）. However, it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters. To address this issue, we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations, δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-, δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-, δ¹⁸O-H₂O, relative...     

Marine Radar Oil-Spill Monitoring through Local Adaptive Thresholding

Marine oil spills affect the environment, economy, and quality of life for coastal inhabitants. This article presents a method of X-band marine radar oil-spill identification by considering the marine radar images of the 2010 Dalian 7-16 accident. The Prewitt operator was improved and a linear interpolation was proposed to suppress co-channel interferences. In addition, a model of a gray-intensity-correcting matrix is proposed to smooth a whole image, thus displaying the oil film more intuitively. Furthermore, a contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization method was used to increase the contrast inside and outside the oil film. Moreover, the local adaptive thresholding method was improved to segment the oil spills. The results show that the proposed method is an improvement on similar previous approaches for this task when employing X-band marine radar images. The proposed method can provide technical and theoretical bases for emergency response, damage assessment, and liability identification of oil spills.     

混凝沉淀前处理对丙烯酸丁酯废水陶瓷膜过滤膜污染的影响

采用混凝沉淀-双层滤料过滤-陶瓷膜过滤组合工艺去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中浊度物质。结果表明,废水pH值、混凝药剂投加量、混凝沉淀水力条件不仅对丙烯酸丁酯废水混凝沉淀出水和双层滤料过滤单元出水浊度具有重要影响,而且对后续陶瓷膜过滤单元膜污染均具有重要影响。双层滤料过滤出水浊度与陶瓷膜污染阻力具有明显的正相关关系,双层滤料过滤出水浊度越高,陶瓷膜污染阻力越大。废水pH在7.0~10.0范围内、混凝药剂PAC或PAM投加过量、废水流量过高都会造成双层滤料过滤出水浊度偏高,导致陶瓷膜污染严重。