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31.
There is increasing consensus that the effects of extreme weather conditions in the form of drought, flooding and extreme temperature will have increasingly devastating impacts on those who depend on climate‐sensitive resources and ecosystems for their livelihoods. The most affected will be the poor in developing countries who have a low adaptive capacity to climate change due to high poverty levels. Despite these projections, there are, to date, insufficient empirical studies linking the relationship between climate change and migration, particularly in the context of southern Africa. Using field‐based data collected from two study locations in Zambia, this paper examines the complex relationship between extreme weather events and population movement. It is envisaged that the findings presented in this paper will contribute to current discussions on the complex relationship between extreme weather conditions and population movement specifically in the context of sub‐Saharan Africa and other developing countries. 相似文献
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Around the globe, human behavior and ecosystem health have been extensively and sometimes severely affected by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Most efforts to study these complex and heterogenous effects to date have focused on public health and economics. Some studies have evaluated the pandemic’s influences on the environment, but often on a single aspect such as air or water pollution. The related research opportunities are relatively rare, and the approaches are unique in multiple aspects and mostly retrospective. Here, we focus on the diverse research opportunities in disease ecology and ecosystem sustainability related to the (intermittent) lockdowns that drastically reduced human activities. We discuss several key knowledge gaps and questions to address amid the ongoing pandemic. In principle, the common knowledge accumulated from invasion biology could also be effectively applied to COVID-19, and the findings could offer much-needed information for future pandemic prevention and management. 相似文献
34.
Coordination theory provides a theoretical framework for analysing complex processes of project groups working towards a common goal. In this study, we explore the relationship between coordination and social networks for the development of a network-based coordination model. This model is applied to measure the performance and quality of complex and dynamic project coordination such as in hospital emergency departments. The dataset used for the study was collected by the 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey--a national probability sample survey of visits to emergency and outpatient departments of non-Federal, short-stay and general hospitals in the United States. Using social network analysis, this study allows us to understand the possible causes of inefficient coordination performance and coordination quality resulting in access blocks. 相似文献
35.
Alan R. Collins Jason Murphy Danny Bainbridge 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):1037-1044
ABSTRACT Four combinations of litter and carcasses from broiler chickens were examined utilizing a thermophilic, stirred-tank digester of demonstration size of approximately 10,000 gal. Under computed optimal loading rates, litter with paper bedding had the highest daily production of methane over an 8-day retention period. The greatest methane production per lb of volatile solids was achieved over 10 days with litter and paper bedding combined with carcasses. This research found that sufficient poultry litter is generated within 20 mi (32 km) of Moorefield, WV, to support a commercial-sized digester operation. However, anaerobic digestion of poultry waste cannot be financially supported by methane production alone. To be financially viable, anaerobic digestion requires a disposal fee for poultry waste and/or the sale of the digested solid effluent as an organic fertilizer to retail markets. 相似文献
36.
This paper is based on a review of the methodological approaches associated with solid waste management (SWM) in the context of sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities. Using Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as a case study, the paper proposes a new way of looking at solid waste in the bid to come up with alternative methods to improve the plight of SWM. A combination of qualitative research methods and system analysis have been employed to evaluate the causal relationships observed in contemporary SWM systems in Kinshasa. This paper argues that there is an absence of coherent and broad-based approaches to SWM in Kinshasa as is common in other SSA countries. Empirical evidence suggests that contemporary SWM strategies and approaches developed on a global scale which have increasingly been adopted by the Congolese national and local government authorities have proven inadequate to address the SWM realities on a local level. Using system thinking and system dynamics, this paper attempts to develop a feasible methodological framework focusing on the formulation of an appropriate approach to improve SWM in Kinshasa. It is argued that new ways of approaching the complexity that exists in SWM will facilitate the adoption of technologies and innovative ways of thinking and managing solid waste in a more sustainable, socially, and environmentally accepted manner. 相似文献
37.
Li Xiaocui Huang Lei Fang Hongwei Chen Minghong Cui Zhenghui Sun Zhiyu Reible Danny 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17495-17505
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sediment, composed of a complex assemblage of minerals, controls the fate and behaviour of P in aqueous environments and affects trophic status. In... 相似文献
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Danny R. Jackson Debra L. Bisson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1129-1133
Greater understanding of the mobility of polychlorinated aromatic compounds in soils is needed to investigate contamination and design suitable remediation strategies for sites contaminated with wood-preserving oil. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a suitable aqueous batch extraction method for soil containing wood-preservative residues; (2) to determine partition coefficients for the primary contaminants [pentachlorophenol (PCP), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dloxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFS)] in oil, soil, and aqueous phases; and (3) to evaluate the potential soil migration of the primary contaminants. In a three-phase oil-soil-water mixture, PCP, PCDDs, and PCDFs were partitioned to the greatest extent in the oil phase. These results suggest that the migration of contaminants can occur in a saturated subsurface soil zone containing an oil phase at a wood-preserving site. In the absence of a free oil phase, PCDDs and PCDFs were highly partitioned onto soil and were considered non-leachable in the aqueous phase. However, PCP was considered highly teachable from contaminated soil containing only an aqueous liquid phase. Results from this study Indicate that removal of any free oil phase present in subsurface soil should have highest priority during the cleanup of contaminated wood-preserving sites. 相似文献
40.
Danny R. Jackson Debra L. Bisson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1514-1521
Analyte concentrations in aqueous leachates from polyethylene tanks filled with five different solid wastes were compared with those in extracts from five laboratory batch procedures. Solid wastes used in the study included: electroplating sludge, electric arc furnace dust, paint Incinerator ash, mine tailings, and municipal refuse incinerator ash. Batch extraction procedures used to extract the solid wastes Included: Monofilled Waste Extraction Procedure (MWEP), U.S. EPA Extraction Procedure (EP), Ham Procedure C (HAM-C), Acetate Buffer Extraction Procedure (ABEP), and Saturated Paste Procedure (PASTE). Analyte concentrations in leachate from the large columns were reproducible and characteristic of each solid waste. In most Instances, analytes in column leachate reached a peak concentration at a liquld-to-solid ratio of 1:1 followed by a gradual to rapid decrease with continued leaching. Analyte concentrations found in large column leachate were related qualitatively to those found in extracts from the batch procedures which used delonlzed water as the extraction medium (i.e., MWEP, HAM-C, and PASTE). Batch extraction procedures using leaching medium containing acetic acid (I.e., EP) or sodium acetate buffer (i.e., ABEP) generally did not reflect analyte concentrations in leachate from the large columns. These results suggest that batch extraction procedures using acetic acid or acetate buffer are less effective for assessing the teachability of monofilled wastes than extraction methods using deionized water as the extraction fluid. 相似文献