高斯迭加模式在区域性大气环境影响评价中多源污染的应用

在区域大气环境影响评价中，经常遇到多个污染源复合污染问题。由于其污染特性与单源污染不同，容易造成评价区局部地区严重污染（如出现高浓度环岛）。本文推荐使用高斯迭加模式进行复合污染的计算，并在此基础上绘制污染物等浓度线图，为环保决策部门提供图文并茂的环评资料，同时也就应用高斯迭加模式计算的产生的各种误差进行了探讨。     

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.     

The effect of low-molecular-weight organic-acids (LMWOAs) on treatment of chromium-contaminated soils by compost-phytoremediation: Kinetics of the chromium release and fractionation

A soil–plant biological system was developed from chromium(Cr) polluted soil treated by the compost-phytoremediation method. The transformation and migration of the Cr in this system is comprehensively studied in this research. The results illustrated that the co-composting treatment can reduce the Cr availability from 39%(F1 was about 31% of total, F2 was about 8% of total) to less than 2% by stabilizing the Cr. However, herbaceous plants can accumulate the concentrations of Cr from 113.8 to 265.2 mg/kg in the two crops,even though the concentration of soluble Cr in the substrate soil was below 0.1 mg/L.Cr can be assimilated and easily transferred in the tissues of plants because the lowmolecular-weight organic-acids(LMWOAs) derived from the plant root increase the bioavailability of Cr. The amount of extracted Cr dramatically increased when the organic acids were substituted in this order: citric acid malic acid tartaric acid oxalic acid acetic acid. On average the maximum(147.4 mg/kg) and the minimum(78.75 mg/kg) Cr were extracted by 20 mmol/L citric acid and acetic acid, respectively. The desorption of Cr in different acid solutions can be predicted by the pseudo second-order kinetics. The exchangeable Cr, carbonate-bound Cr, and residual Cr decreased, while Fe–Mn oxide bound Cr and organic bound Cr increased in the soil solid phase. According to the experimental results, the organic acids will promote the desorption and chelation processes of Cr, leading to the remobilization of Cr in the soil.     

青海油田污水回注水质治理技术研究与应用

阐述了新技术在青海油田污水处理方面的应用。首先分析了原有技术不能将水处理达标的原因,然后针对污水的特性,设计了一套新的处理工艺及相关的水处理药剂。新工艺处理后的水不仅在联合站内达标,而且在注水站及注水井口也达标。新工艺彻底解决了青海油田污水处理方面的问题。     

稀土氨氮废水处理技术研究进展

本文旨在研究到目前为止前人对稀土氨氮废水处理技术的进展情况,尽管稀土氨氮废水的处理方法颇多,然而不是处理成本太高就是对水质的要求太苛刻,用于实践不太乐观;我们采用混合处理稀土氨氮废水的方法将减少处理成本,增强处理效果,如：化学沉淀＋吹脱,吹脱＋吸附等;另外,处理稀土氨氮废水要注意回收氨氮副产品,以抵消处理成本,达到清洁生产的目的。     

Antimony(V) removal from water by iron-zirconium bimetal oxide: Performance and mechanism

A Fe-Zr binary oxide adsorbent has been successfully synthesized using a co-precipitation method. It showed a better performance for antimonate (Sb(V)) removal than zirconium oxide or amorphous ferric oxide. The experimental results showed that the Fe-Zr adsorbent has a capacity of 51 mg/g at an initial Sb(V) concentration of 10 mg/L at pH 7.0. Sb(V) adsorption on the Fe-Zr bimetal oxide is normally an endothermic reaction. Most of the Sb(V) adsorption took place within 3 hr and followed a pseudo second-order rate law. Co-existing anions such as SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and Cl^- had no considerable effects on the Sb(V) removal; PO₃^4- had an inhibitory effect to some extent at high concentration; while CO_₃^2- and SiO₄^4- showed significant inhibitory effects when they existed in high concentrations. The mechanism of Sb(V) adsorption on the adsorbent was investigated using a combination of zeta potential measurements, XPS, Raman, FT-IR observations and SO₄^2- release determination. The ionic strength dependence and zeta potential measurements indicated that inner-sphere surface complexes were formed after Sb(V) adsorption. Raman and XPS observations demonstrated that both Fe-OH and Zr-OH sites at the surface of the Fe-Zr adsorbent play important roles in the Sb(V) adsorption. FT-IR characterization and SO₄^2- release determination further demonstrated that the exchange of SO₄^2- with Sb(V) also could promote the adsorption process. In conclusion, this adsorbent showed high potential for future application in Sb(V) removal from contaminated water.     

国内外相关标准对我国高含硫气田钻完井的适应性研究

通过对国内外含硫气井钻完井相关标准的调研,分析了国内外相关标准对我国高含硫气田钻完井的适应性。     

动态系统物元模型在综合水质预报中的研究和应用

在研究物元分析理论的基础上,以不同时段的水体综合水质建立动态系统物元,运用综合评判模型对其进行综合水质评定,并通过建立回归预警模型进行综合水质预报。在实例应用中取得了较满意的结果,论证了该方法的合理性和可靠性,为环境质量预测提供了一种全新的思路和方法。     

Isolation and identification of a bioflocculant-producing strain and optimisation of cultural conditions via a response surface model

A bioflocculant-producing strain named MY6-2 was isolated from a mixed activated sludge by a nitrogen-free medium. Based on 16S rDNA sequence, biochemical and morphological characteristics, the strain MY6-2 was identified as Bacillus mucilaginosus. The chemical analysis indicated that the flocculant MY6-2 was mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide. The result of the composition of the medium showed that MY6-2 was able to generate bioflocculant in a nutrient-poor medium that consisted of 5?g?L^?1 sucrose and no nitrogen source. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the fermentation condition of MY6-2 for maximum flocculating activity by using central composite design (CCD). Based on the result, the optimum conditions were as follows: 100?mL of broth in a 250?mL Erlenmeyer flask, initial pH 8.0 and inoculum concentration 10%, respectively. The highest flocculating rate of 90% was achieved under these conditions by adding 0.5?mL fermentation supernatant to 95?mL of Kaolin suspension.     

螺旋升流式反应器脱氮除磷系统的运行效果与污泥性能分析

对螺旋升流式反应器脱氮除磷及去除COD的运行效果进行了研究 ,该系统连续稳定运行 6个月的结果表明 ,能保证出水平均质量浓度TN小于 1 0mg/L ,TP小于 0 5 0mg/L ,COD小于 31mg/L ,对TN、TP和COD的去除率分别达 86 %、96 %和 94 %以上。并且对SUFR系统的污泥性能进行了分析 :(1 )螺旋升流特征使本反应系统中的污泥易于颗粒化 ;(2 )SUFR系统中的微生物种群具有多样性 ;(3)污泥在好氧反应器中表现出了同步硝化反硝化功能 ;(4 )污泥在缺氧反应器表现出了反硝化吸磷现象