FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为研究

通过FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱的单向和往复轴压试验,研究了外包FRP的断裂应变、刚度、以及加载方式对钢筋屈曲性能的影响。采用了两种不同的纤维材料:CFRP和PET FRP,二者具有不同的断裂应变(CFRP1.5%;PET FRP5%)。在试验分析的基础上,发展了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的弹性地基梁模型,该模型能够较好地分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为。基于弹性地基梁模型和试验数据,提出了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的钢筋屈曲经验模型。并将该模型通过二次开发的方法写入OpenSees数值分析平台,对FRP约束RC柱的往复轴压行为进行数值分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究成果可为精确分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构的抗震性能提供有力的工具。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统改造

某电厂300 MW机组由于燃用煤种与设计煤种差别很大,其实际燃煤的含硫量远远超过设计值,造成烟气中SO2排放量成倍增加,不能达标排放,需对其已有脱硫系统进行技术改造,主要是对吸收塔、氧化空气系统、石膏脱水、石灰石浆液供给系统、事故浆液排放系统进行了扩容改造。吸收塔浆液池增高壳体采用塔内立杆倒拉的方法进行顶升安装,上部1.8 m层喷淋层壳体采用吊装。改造后实际运行表明:脱硫率超过96%的设计值,其他指标均达到设计要求,工程改造后每年减排SO2 6.4万t,减排粉尘358 t,每年可节省排污费支出4 032万元,具有显著的社会和经济效益。     

基于RepastS平台的太湖水环境系统承载力研究

运用计算实验方法,以计算机为工具,构造太湖水环境系统承载力模型,通过研究水和人类的各主体行为得出太湖水环境系统的整体特征,并通过人口、TP、TN、CODMn承载度来反映。研究结果表明太湖目前点源污染得到了有效控制,但面源污染和城镇生活用水污染尚需要重点治理。实验显示:通过系统参数的调整,将大大改善太湖现有水环境系统。     

基于地理探测器的区域植被覆盖度的定量影响——以京津风沙源区为例

植被覆盖度（FVC）是衡量生态环境优秀的重要指标.本文基于MODIS NDVI数据,运用像元二分法模型,估算了2000~2018年京津风沙源区FVC,分析了其时空变化特征.在此基础上,基于地理探测器模型,定量分析了自然因素和人类活动因素等12个因子对京津风沙源区FVC空间分布的影响.结果表明,近20a来京津风沙源区FVC整体上呈增加趋势,增加率为8.2%.空间上,研究区73.7%的区域FVC在增加,其中显著增加的区域主要集中在晋北山地丘陵亚区、燕山丘陵山地水源保护亚区、大兴安岭南部亚区和科尔沁沙地亚区的南部.2000~2018年,降水是影响京津风沙源区FVC空间分布的主要自然因子,解释力为63.3%;年末大牲畜头数是影响FVC空间分布的主要人为因子,解释力为34.8%.自然因素和人类活动之间的双因子交互作用以双协同作用和非线性协同作用为主,表明相对于单因子,自然因素和人类活动间的交互作用对FVC的解释力更强.其中,降水与其他11个因子的交互作用对研究区FVC起主导作用,解释力超过60%.     

冷轧废乳化液破乳技术研究进展

冷轧废乳化液是轧钢过程中排放的高浓度难降解废水,治理的关键是破乳技术。主要介绍了混凝工艺、膜分离工艺、电凝聚气浮工艺、Fenton氧化工艺、微电解工艺、微波破乳工艺原理及研究现状,并对每种工艺在乳化液废水破乳中的优缺点进行了阐述。其中混凝破乳和膜分离破乳是目前应用最广泛的技术,其他技术由于运行管理以及成本的原因应用相对较少,今后破乳技术的发展应该是高效、低成本的新技术开发或者对原有破乳技术进行革新。     

烟气脱硫剂制浆系统一体化设计及应用

石灰石粉制浆系统是石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺中脱硫剂浆液干式制备系统的一个主要部分。针对石灰石粉制浆系统传统设计的不足,提出了石灰石浆液罐与粉仓一体化设计的优化方案,具有节省投资、占地小、设计简单紧凑、系统可靠和寿命长的优点,尤其适合我国老小燃煤机组烟气脱硫改造工程。目前已成功应用于多个烟气脱硫工程。     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Abstract

Ecological footprint (EF) has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

石化废水深度处理用臭氧催化氧化体系的研究＊

文章就臭氧催化氧化体系在石化废水处理中的作用进行了深入研究,对催化剂载体、催化剂配伍体系以及臭氧的投加方式进行了优化筛选。根据实验,多元催化掺杂体系较一元催化体系氧化效果好,CODCr的去除率可由一元催化时的20%提高到多元催化时的33%;在臭氧的投加方式上,分段投加要优于单级投加,臭氧投加分配比例为6∶3∶1时,CODCr的去除率可由单一投加时的9%提高到分级投加时的19%。     

河北省县域可持续发展评价指标体系的建立与应用研究

以可持续发展相关理论为基础,利用系统工程的理论和方法建立了河北省县域可持续发展指标体系及其评价标准,并在全省范围应用,对全省136个县(市)可持续发展能力做出了评价。结合评价结果,阐述了河北省县域可持续发展能力的特征,提出了河北省县域可持续发展的方向和思路。     

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China??s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10⁷ US$/PJ and 4.26×10⁸ US$/TgCO₂eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China??s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10⁷ US$/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10⁴ US$/GgCO₂eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.