工业复合源大气污染长期扩散浓度模拟计算

在工业复合源大气扩散模式研究的基础上,改造传统大气污染物长期扩散模型,引入了平滑函数,使相邻扇区的交界处具有连续性,提出了计算精度。对于复合源采用坐标变换的方法,解决不同种类,多源污染物季平均浓度值叠加的难题。     

纳米TiO2对幼年小鼠血浆代谢谱影响的代谢组学研究

观察不同染毒剂量的纳米TiO2对ICR幼年小鼠血浆代谢谱变化的影响,寻找潜在的毒性效应的生物标志物.将幼年小鼠随机分为对照组以及10、30、100和300 mg·kg-1不同纳米TiO2染毒组进行28 d短期毒性试验,利用代谢组学技术初步筛选出TiO2毒性作用潜在的生物标志物,运用KEGG数据库对生物标志物进行拓扑分析...     

SH抑尘剂固化建设场地类型土的抗雨蚀性能

经抑尘剂固化后的抗雨蚀性能是影响抑尘剂使用时效性的关键因素之一。以高分子材料——SH抑尘剂为研究对象,考虑建设场地扬尘来源(即建设场地类型土)、喷洒量、坡度、坡面形态及固化时间等因素,借助冲刷量、冲刷面破坏形态及冲刷颗粒物分布状态评价SH抑尘剂在仅固化建设场地类型土表层条件下的抗雨蚀效果。实验结果表明,SH抑尘剂可与表层土颗粒形成具有抗雨蚀能力的保护层。粉土、黏土、粉煤灰及碎石土经SH抑尘剂固化后,在暴雨强度下冲刷颗粒物少且呈散粒状,土样表面的整体完整性保持良好,无明显冲刷痕迹;SH抑尘剂对各种坡面形态及坡度均具有较好适应性,SH抑尘剂适用于场地土及裸露地表的固化;随SH抑尘剂喷量及固化时间的增加,固化土的抗雨蚀能力先增大后趋于平缓,从施工和经济角度,建议选取的SH抑尘剂喷量为1.2 kg/m2,固化时间为3 d。     

绿色水处理技术的应用与发展

采用绿色水处理技术是实现水资源可持续发展、环境保护和生态安全的重要措施。文章列举了膜分离、绿色氧化、绿色絮凝以及超声波、微波、电磁场等环保水处理技术,以及在国内外的研究应用现状探讨了绿色水处理技术的发展趋势。     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。     

将ISO14000纳入建设项目环境保护管理程序

ＩＳＯ１４０００ 系列标准是关于环境管理方面的国际标准,本文就如何将其纳入我国的建设项目环境保护管理程序,使新建项目或改扩建项目从试运行阶段就由企业自身对其环境行为进行控制,实现企业环境管理由被动转为主动,从而提高我国的建设项目环境保护管理水平作了初步探讨．     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

羊草和大针茅光合作用午间降低与生态因子关系的研究

本项研究指出,在晴天条件下,由于土壤水分含量不同,羊草和大针茅的光合作用日进程呈现出两种类型:在土壤水分充足时,为午前高峰型;在土壤干旱时,为双峰型。两者均属于光合作用午间降低的类型。 两种植物相比,在土壤干旱时,羊草比大针茅光合午间降低幅度大得多;在土壤水分充足时,其降低程度相近。无论土壤含水量高低,大气湿度降低均是引起光合午间降低的主要大气生态因子。所不同的是,强光只有在土壤干旱时才是引起光合午间降低的直接生态因子;因此,午后光合高峰的出现是光强下降所致。土壤水分亏缺与大气低湿相配合,加剧了光合午间降低的程度,其降低幅度随着土壤水分的减少而增大。因此,增加土壤水分是减缓光合午间降低程度的主要生态途径。     

Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of more than 400 million people in China. It is therefore of great importance to thoroughly investigate and understand their composition. To determine the physicochemical properties in atmospheric fine particles at the micrometer level, we described a sensitive and feasible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) method using Ag foil as a substrate. This novel method enhanced the Raman signal intensities up to 10,000 a.u. for ν(NO_3~-) in fine particles.The SERS effect of Ag foil was further studied experimentally and theoretically and found to have an enhancement factor of the order of ～10~4. Size-fractionated real particle samples with aerodynamic diameters of 0.4–2.5 μm were successfully collected on a heavy haze day,allowing ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as soot, nitrates, and sulfates. These results suggest that the Ag-foil-based SERS technique can be effectively used to determine the microscopic characteristics of individual fine particles, which will help to understand haze formation mechanisms and formulate governance policies.