雅砻江流域生长季植被时空变化特征及对气象因子的响应分析

在全球气候变化背景下,开展植被变化对气象因子的响应研究对流域生态环境保护和水土资源合理利用具有重要的现实意义.以雅砻江流域为研究区,基于1982—2015年GIMMS NDVI数据,首先采用多种数理统计方法揭示生长季NDVI的时空变化特征,基于滞后相关系数法分析NDVI对气象因子的时滞效应,在此基础上建立各像元NDVI...     

石灰石中微量杂质对其脱硫活性的影响研究

石灰石的活性对湿法烟气脱硫工艺具有重要意义。采用间歇式硫酸消溶的方法,分别研究了石灰石中各微量杂质浓度对石灰石活性的影响,就其影响结果及其影响机理进行了理论分析,并用拟合曲线的方法预测各种杂质成分的影响程度。结果表明,二氧化硅和氧化铁的含量在一定范围内能提高石灰石的活性,超过此范围将使其活性降低,而氧化镁的存在能大幅提高石灰石的活性,氧化铝对石灰石活性影响不大。     

辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中重金属及多环芳烃污染特征研究

为全面了解辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物污染状况,2004年在省内选取了5个城市进行分季节采样,并对颗粒物中重金属元素含量和美国优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量研究。结果表明,大气PM10和PM2.5中重金属元素和PAHs污染较重,且冬季高于其它季节,重金属元素和PAHs主要富集在PM2.5及以下细小颗粒物中。     

A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.     

Release Characteristics of Nutrients from Polymer-coated Compound Controlled Release Fertilizers

Reliable information regarding release characteristics of nutrients from a polymer-coated controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is essential for beneficial agronomic and environmental results. Significant knowledge regarding nitrogen release from polymer-coated urea was gained while the information regarding the release of the different nutrients contained in polymer-coated compound N–P–K CRF remains limited. An experiment in which major factors affecting the differential release of nutrients from two coated compound CRF was performed in free water, water saturated sand and sand at field capacity. In general, nitrate release was the fastest, followed by ammonium and potassium whereas phosphate was significantly slower, with a rate of linear release in free water 45–70% slower than that of nitrate. Little differences were obtained for the lag periods of nitrate, ammonium and potassium release (2–10 days) under the experimental conditions, whereas for P they were one order of magnitude larger. The main factor slowing the release was assumed to be the lower solubility of ions with P being the least soluble. Release into free water was, expectedly, somewhat faster than that into saturated sand and significantly faster as compared to sand at field capacity and particularly so for P. Raising the temperature from 20 °C to 40 °C increased the rate of linear release of the different nutrients. The energy of activation, EA_rel, estimated for the linear release, of the different nutrients, was narrow ranging between 37 to 46 (KJ mol⁻¹) whereas the mean values obtained for the two CRF, differing by 50% in coating thickness, was non-significant. However, EA_rel was significantly different in different media. The complex effect of temperature on the lag period and nutrient interactions during release deserve further investigation.     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。     

MDAT-IAT同步脱氮除磷工艺活性污泥在不同基质中的厌氧释磷特性研究

对改进型MDATIAT(ModifiedDemandedAerationTankIntermittentAerationTank)同步脱氮除磷工艺中活性污泥在不同基质下的厌氧释磷特性进行了研究.在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠4种单一基质中,活性污泥厌氧释磷量分别为1.58、3.55、3.04和1.86mg·L-1;释磷速率分别达到0.02、0.05、0.15和0.10mg·L-1·min-1.另外,在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠组成的混合基质中的活性污泥厌氧释磷试验结果表明,混合基质中活性污泥释磷量和释磷速率均大于4种单一基质中的释磷量和释磷速率,分别达到8.51mg·L-1和0.31mg·L-1·min-1.     

珠江三角洲火电群SO2污染及防治对策研究

在已有的大气环境质量资料和污染源排放资料基础上，用建立的珠江三角洲空气污染数值模式，经验证，计算了珠江三角洲２０００年，２０１０年的电力工业的ＳＯ２污染和对３个污染防治对策方案进行了分析，认为只有采取适当的限制燃料含硫量和大型燃煤电厂烟气脱硫等防治措施，才能控制ＳＯ２污染加重的趋势。     

Bioaccumulation characterization of uranium by a novel Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3

The biosorption mechanisms of uranium on an aerobic bacterial strain Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3, isolated from a potential disposal site for (ultra-)low uraniferous radioactive waste in Southwest China, were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry (EPBS). Approximately 60% of total uranium at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L uranium nitrate solution could be absorbed on 100 mg S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 with an adsorption capacity of more than 3.0 mg/g (wet weight) after 12 hr at room temperature at pH 3.0. The dynamic biosorption process of S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 for uranyl ions was well described by a pseudo second-order model. S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 could accumulate uranium on cell walls and within the cell, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis as well as EDX spectra. XPS and FT-IR analysis further suggested that the absorbed uranium was bound to amino, phosphate and carboxyl groups of the cells. Additionally, PIXE and EPBS results confirmed that ion exchange also contributed to the adsorption process of uranium.     

蔬菜对重金属富集能力的研究--以广州蔬菜生产基地为例

通过调查广州蔬菜生产基地蔬菜地土壤和主要蔬菜重金属污染状况，运用数理统计方法研究和比较了不同蔬菜对Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As的富集能力。结果表明：各种蔬菜对重金属元素的富集能力与蔬菜生长特性以及与不同蔬菜对重金属元素吸收特性(遗传特性)的差异性密切相关，以富集系数表示蔬菜对元素富集能力高低，按平均值大小对不同蔬菜富集系数进行排序并分类。