Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

Non-biodegradable landfill leachate treatment by combined process of agitation,coagulation, SBR and filtration

This study describes the complete treatment of non-biodegradable landfill leachate by combined treatment processes. The processes consist of agitation as a novel stripping method used to overcome the ammonia toxicity regarding aerobic microorganisms. The NH₃-N removal ratio was 93.9% obtained at pH 11.5 and a gradient velocity (G) 150 s^?1 within a five-hour agitation time. By poly ferric sulphate (PFS) coagulation followed the agitation process; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) were removed at 70.6% and 49.4%, respectively at an optimum dose of 1200 mg L^?1 at pH 5.0. The biodegradable ratio BOD₅/COD was improved from 0.18 to 0.31 during pretreatment step by agitation and PFS coagulation. Thereafter, the effluent was diluted with sewage at a different ratio before it was subjected to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment. Up to 93.3% BOD₅, 95.5% COD and 98.1% NH₃-N removal were achieved by SBR operated under anoxic–aerobic–anoxic conditions. The filtration process was carried out using sand and carbon as a dual filter media as polishing process. The final effluent concentration of COD, BOD₅, suspended solid (SS), NH₃-N and total organic carbon (TOC) were 72.4 mg L^?1, 22.8 mg L^?1, 24.2 mg L^?1, 18.4 mg L^?1 and 50.8 mg L^?1 respectively, which met the discharge standard. The results indicated that a combined process of agitation-coagulation-SBR and filtration effectively eliminated pollutant loading from landfill leachate.     

食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的研究

通过实验,研究了pH、总固体浓度(TS)、碳氮比(C/N)对食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的影响,详细考察了挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的组成和浓度及乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律.结果表明,pH为6.5、TS为7%(质量分数)、C/N为16:1时,总VFA的最大质量浓度为31.56 g/L,乙酸的最大质量浓度为19.46 g/L.     

新乡市城市污水对泥鳅的生理毒性与遗传毒性研究

采用鱼体外周血细胞微核技术研究新乡市城市污水对泥鳅的遗传毒性,实验各组(A组、B组、C组、D组)中微核率明显高于对照组(P<0.01).以黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测泥鳅肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活力变化,以赖氏法检测肝组织和血清中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)酶活力变化,研究该污水对泥鳅的生理毒性.结果表明,实验各组肝组织中SOD、GOT和GPT酶活力均低于对照组.且随城市污水浓度升高而减小;血清中的SOD、GOT和GPT酶活力均高于对照组,且随城市污水浓度升高而增强.由此可知,直接排放的城市污水对泥鳅有显著的遗传毒性与生理毒性,水样中有致突变酶活力物质存在.     

N—N—二（1—甲基—庚基）乙酰胺萃取苯酚的动力学研究

用恒界面池法研究了Ｎ,Ｎ－二（１－甲基－庚基）乙酰胺（ＤＭＨＡＡ,Ｎ５０３）萃取苯酚的动力学,试验表明,萃取速率随水相苯酚浓度,有机相Ｎ５０３浓度的提高而增加,当水相ｐＨ值≥１０．５时,萃取速度明显下降,萃取反应的表观活化能为１４．３ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１,萃取过程属扩散控制,水相中萃酚向两相界面的扩散是萃取速度的控制步骤。     

污染地下水原位治理技术--透水性反应墙法

20世纪90年代初期在美国和加拿大兴起的原位被动修复技术--透水性反应墙,是一种地下水污染原位处理方法.其通过在垂直于地下水流动方向设置活性渗滤墙,当地下水流通过活性渗滤墙时,污染物与墙体材料发生化学反应,从而达到环境修复的目的.该技术具有原理简单,施工方便,能持续原位处理,处理组分多,且运行费用低廉等特点,能有效吸附和降解多种重金属和有机污染物.该方法目前在欧美已开始进入广泛的工程应用阶段,正逐步取代运行成本昂贵的抽水处理技术,成为地下水修复技术的发展方向.系统介绍了透水性反应墙法,阐述了反应墙的类型、活性材料的选取、反应机理、反应墙的构建以及应用实例,同时分析了其存在问题并展望其今后的研究方向.     

染料结晶紫降解菌分离及其特性研究

从印染废水中筛选分离得到结晶紫（CV）降解菌株H，并对其脱色条件和机理进行了研究。结果表明，在外加生长基质条件下，菌株H不仅对CV降解脱色而且能降解中间产物。在pH7．0、35℃、摇床转速180r／min条件下，菌株H有最佳的脱色效果。对于20mg／L CV溶液，生长细胞降解0．5h，脱色率可达95％。休眠细胞对CV的降解规律也进行了对比探讨。菌株H对CV脱色过程遵循一级动力学方程，脱色速率常数k随CV浓度升高而降低，生长细胞的k值约为休眠细胞的6～7倍。     

Decolorization of azo dyes by a salt-tolerant Staphylococcus cohnii strain isolated from textile wastewater

The salt-tolerant Staphylococcus cohnii strain, isolated from textile wastewater, has been found effective on decolorizing several kinds of azo dyes with different structures. The optimal conditions for azo dye acid red B (ARB) decolorization by S. cohnii were determined to be pH = 7.0 and 30°C. The decolorization efficiency increased with the increase of the salinity concentration, and around 90% of ARB (100 mg·L^?1) could be decolorized in 24 h when the salinity concentration was up to 50 g·L^?1. Moreover, the strain could still decolorize 19% of ARB in 24 h even when the NaCl concentration was increased to 150 g·L^?1. Meanwhile, the dependence of the specific decolorization rate by S. cohnii on the ARB concentration could be described with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (K _m = 585.7mg·L^?1, V _max = 109.8 mg·g cell^?1·h^?1). The addition of quinone redox mediator, named 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, significantly accelerated the decolorization performance of S. cohnii. Furtherly, the activities of azoreductase (0.55 ??mol·mg protein^?1·min^?1) and Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase (8.9 ??mol·mg protein^?1·min^?1) have been observed in the crude cell extracts of S. cohnii. The decolorization products of ARB were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and the results indicated the reductive pathway was responsible for azo dye decolorization by S. cohnii.