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This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg−1 and 31.14-61.22 ng kg−1 within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m−2 h−1 and 5.34-77.74 ng m−2 h−1 over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions. 相似文献
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柴油机SCR催化器载体结构参数优化 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
提出一种柴油机选择催化还原(SCR)催化器载体结构参数优化的设计方法,根据车用柴油机排量,将SCR催化器载体分为4类,选取载体体积、长度、目数、壁厚和涂层厚5个结构参数为设计变量,以高NO。转化率及低压力损失为优化目标,利用拉丁超立方实验设计选择样本点进行数值模拟,在构建的Kriging近似模型基础上,对载体结构参数采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法NSGA—II(non—dominatedsortinggeneticalgorithm—II)进行优化设计。结果表明:Kriging近似模型的拟合精度较高,结合NSGA—II算法对SCR催化器载体结构参数进行优化是可行的、有效的,不同排量下的优化结果均能够较好地满足设计要求。 相似文献
526.
The colloid-associated plutonium-239, as the dominant species of Pu in natural environment, was formed through sorption of Pu onto in situ colloids. In case of chemical perturbations present in pore water, the fate and transport of Pu would be therefore impacted by changes in sorption affinity of Pu for the colloid surfaces. The present study reveals that colloidal 239Pu exhibited the kinetic stability in two respects. First, in situ colloids isolated from the vadose zone sediments at Lop Nor, when in contact with solutions of high ion concentrations or low pH, were significantly aggregated and then exhibited fast settling. Kinetics settling characteristics were described by the parameters, including settling index and characteristic time. Second, Pu dissociation from colloid surfaces occurred immediately after the introduction of Na+. However, the dissolved species was still unstable and had the potential for re-association with the fraction of colloids that had not settled out from the suspensions due to small size and then remained in suspension. This implies that Pu sorption sites on initial colloids were changed to the sites of suspended colloids. 相似文献
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以浮萍优势品种青萍(Lemna minor)为研究对象,开展受污染河水修复。分析了青萍在不同营养盐浓度条件下的生长特征,探讨了青萍对受污染河水的修复效果。在表面积为0.0095 m2的限制空间条件下,青萍在1、2和5 mg总氮(TN)/L营养液中的生长特征都能较好地服从Logistic生长模型,受制约的临界鲜重(FW)分别为1.20、1.36和1.36 g;青萍对受污染河水中氮磷污染物具有较好的去除效果,氨氮(NH+4-N)的平均去除率、平均去除量和平均去除速率分别为56.87%、1.22 mg/d和0.0466 mg/(g FW·h),正磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)的平均去除率、平均去除量和平均去除速率分别为66.95%、0.25 mg/d和0.0088 mg/(g FW·h)。根据相关性分析,进水NH+4-N和PO3-4-P浓度与其对应去除量之间极显著相关;青萍FW与NH+4-N去除速率之间显著负相关,但与PO3-4-P去除速率之间不存在显著相关性;NH+4-N进水浓度与去除速率相关性不显著,但PO3-4-P进水浓度与去除速率显著正相关。 相似文献
529.
Irma Dervišević Duško Minić Željko Kamberović Vladan Ćosović Mirjana Ristić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(6):4278-4292
In this paper, we have analyzed parts of printed circuit board (PCB) and liquid crystal display (LCD) screens of mobile phones and computers, quantitative and qualitative chemical compositions of individual components, and complete PCBs were determined. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to determine the temperatures of phase transformations, whereas qualitative and quantitative compositions of the samples were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses. The microstructure of samples was studied by optical microscopy. Based on results of the analysis, a procedure for recycling PCBs is proposed. The emphasis was on the effects that can be achieved in the recycling process by extraction of some parts before the melting process. In addition, newly developed materials can be an adequate substitute for some of the dangerous and harmful materials, such as lead and arsenic are proposed, which is in accordance with the European Union (EU) Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) directive as well as some alternative materials for use in the electronics industry instead of gold and gold alloys. 相似文献
530.
Yingzhe Du Shengyong Lu Zheng Peng Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):230-236
Over the past decades in China, the number of medical waste incinerators (MWIs) has been rising rapidly, causing emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). In this study, samples of fly ash, ash deposits, and bottom ash from typical MWIs were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and their distribution characteristics. Results showed international toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) values in the range of 6.9–67 ng I-TEQ/g in fly ash and ash deposits, whereas the concentration in bottom ash was extremely low (only 1.33 pg I-TEQ/g), yet the generation of PCDD/Fs was mostly de novo synthesis in fly ash and ash deposits according to the ratio of PCDFs to PCDDs; the major distribution differences of PCDD/Fs in fly ash was manifested by the content of toxic furan 2,3,7,8-TCDF, but other toxic PCDD/Fs showed similar distribution. Other findings are that 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF had the most contribution to TEQ concentration, and that the most abundant toxic furan congener is 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between PCDD/Fs concentration and several other physical and chemical parameters.
Implications: This paper is of interest because it presents the emission performances of PCDD/Fs in ash from medical waste incineration in China. PCDD/F contents in fly ash and ash deposits vary between 6.9 and 67.3 ng I-TEQ/g. However, the concentration in bottom ash was extremely low (only 1.33?×?10?3 ng I-TEQ/g). The fingerprints of PCDD/Fs in fly ash are almost similar, except for 2,3,7,8-TCDF. There is no marked correlation between PCDD/Fs and other physicochemical properties. Supplemental Materials: Supplemental materials are available for this paper. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 相似文献