MDAT-IAT同步脱氮除磷工艺活性污泥在不同基质中的厌氧释磷特性研究

对改进型MDATIAT(ModifiedDemandedAerationTankIntermittentAerationTank)同步脱氮除磷工艺中活性污泥在不同基质下的厌氧释磷特性进行了研究.在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠4种单一基质中,活性污泥厌氧释磷量分别为1.58、3.55、3.04和1.86mg·L-1;释磷速率分别达到0.02、0.05、0.15和0.10mg·L-1·min-1.另外,在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠组成的混合基质中的活性污泥厌氧释磷试验结果表明,混合基质中活性污泥释磷量和释磷速率均大于4种单一基质中的释磷量和释磷速率,分别达到8.51mg·L-1和0.31mg·L-1·min-1.     

Bioaccumulation characterization of uranium by a novel Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3

The biosorption mechanisms of uranium on an aerobic bacterial strain Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3, isolated from a potential disposal site for (ultra-)low uraniferous radioactive waste in Southwest China, were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry (EPBS). Approximately 60% of total uranium at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L uranium nitrate solution could be absorbed on 100 mg S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 with an adsorption capacity of more than 3.0 mg/g (wet weight) after 12 hr at room temperature at pH 3.0. The dynamic biosorption process of S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 for uranyl ions was well described by a pseudo second-order model. S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 could accumulate uranium on cell walls and within the cell, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis as well as EDX spectra. XPS and FT-IR analysis further suggested that the absorbed uranium was bound to amino, phosphate and carboxyl groups of the cells. Additionally, PIXE and EPBS results confirmed that ion exchange also contributed to the adsorption process of uranium.     

珠江三角洲火电群SO2污染及防治对策研究

在已有的大气环境质量资料和污染源排放资料基础上，用建立的珠江三角洲空气污染数值模式，经验证，计算了珠江三角洲２０００年，２０１０年的电力工业的ＳＯ２污染和对３个污染防治对策方案进行了分析，认为只有采取适当的限制燃料含硫量和大型燃煤电厂烟气脱硫等防治措施，才能控制ＳＯ２污染加重的趋势。     

蔬菜对重金属富集能力的研究--以广州蔬菜生产基地为例

通过调查广州蔬菜生产基地蔬菜地土壤和主要蔬菜重金属污染状况，运用数理统计方法研究和比较了不同蔬菜对Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As的富集能力。结果表明：各种蔬菜对重金属元素的富集能力与蔬菜生长特性以及与不同蔬菜对重金属元素吸收特性(遗传特性)的差异性密切相关，以富集系数表示蔬菜对元素富集能力高低，按平均值大小对不同蔬菜富集系数进行排序并分类。     

A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.     

Recent progress in detection of mercury using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy — A review

Concerns over exposure to mercury have motivated the exploration of cost-effective, rapid, and reliable method for monitoring Hg^2 + in the environment. Recently, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become a promising alternative method for Hg^2 + analysis. SERS is a spectroscopic technique which combines modern laser spectroscopy with the optical properties of nano-sized noble metal structures, resulting in substantially increased Raman signals. When Hg^2 + is in a close contact with metallic nanostructures, the SERS effect provides unique structural information together with ultrasensitive detection limits. This review introduces the principles and contemporary approaches of SERS-based Hg^2 + detection. In addition, the perspective and challenges are briefly discussed.     

废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件。利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20％左右。研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果。     

污水处理厂水质在线监测数据可靠性研究

水质在线自动监测系统近年已经开始应用于污水处理厂,在线监测数据的可靠性是污水处理厂推广和应用水质在线监测系统的前提和基础。以广州市某污水厂水质在线监测系统为研究对象,采用对比实验的方法并应用数理统计原理对实验结果进行分析,探讨水质在线监测系统数据的可靠性。经实验及结果分析,污水处理厂水质在线监测系统测得的数据真实可靠,可以用于对污水厂的监督和运行指导。     

黄土高原中部麻栎宽度年表的气候响应特征初探

黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重和生态环境最脆弱的地区之一,由于人类活动的日益频繁,森林面积急剧缩小,现有林地多为人为破坏后形成的天然次生林。目前很难在该区找到适合树轮气候学研究的老龄针叶树种,在此背景下,寻找适合开展树轮气候学研究的替代树种尤为重要。本研究以黄土高原中部桥山林区的老龄麻栎林为研究对象,为该区建立了近一百多年的标准年表（1891—2016）和差值年表（1884—2016）,评估其树轮气候学研究潜力。相关计算表明,麻栎差值年表与当年3—7月降水量相关最高（r=0.58,p＜0.001）,几乎达到了可以重建的水平。该年表还与陕西中北部旱涝指数和黄土高原西部树轮降水重建序列显著相关,共同反映了区域降水变化历史。空间相关分析也进一步说明了桥山麻栎差值年表对区域降水量变化具有较强代表性。本文首次利用黄土高原中部阔叶树种开展树轮气候学研究,发现了麻栎树轮宽度年表具有记录过去降水变化的巨大潜力。     

EDTA与柠檬酸释放土壤中Cd、Pb的影响研究

通过模拟试验,比较研究EDTA、柠檬酸和EDTA与柠檬酸联合作用对污染土壤中重金属Cd、Pb的释放影响。结果表明:随着柠檬酸浓度的提高,土壤中Cd、Pb的释放量增加,最大释放率分别为0.9%、8.1%;随着EDTA浓度的提高,土壤中Cd、Pb的释放呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,最大释放率分别为1.3%、24.2%;两种萃取剂联合作用提高了土壤中Cd的释放率,能有效地释放土壤中的Cd、Pb,最大释放率分别为1.85%、17.3%。