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81.
Xiujuan Chen Yunqiu Liu Gordon Huang Chunjiang An Renfei Feng Yao Yao Wendy Huang Shuqing Weng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):153
82.
M. Eugenia D’Amato Gordon W. Harkins Tulio de Oliveira Peter R. Teske Mark J. Gibbons 《Marine Biology》2008,155(2):243-247
The genus Nyctiphanes (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) comprises four neritic species that display antitropical geographic distribution in the Pacific
(N. simplex and N. australis) and Atlantic (N. couchii and N. capensis) Oceans. We studied the origin of this distribution applying methods for phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating
of nodes using a Bayesian MCMC analysis and the DNA sequence information contained in mtDNA 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase
(COI). We tested hypotheses of vicariance by contrasting the time estimates of cladogenesis with the onset of the major barriers
to ocean circulation. It was estimated that Nyctiphanes originated in the Pacific Ocean during the Miocene, with a lower limit of 18 miilion years ago (Mya). An Atlantic–Pacific
cladogenic event (95% HPD 3.2–9.6) took place after the closure of the Tethyan Sea, suggesting that dispersal occurred from
the Indo-Pacific, most likely via southern Africa. Similarly, the antitropical distribution pattern observed in the eastern
Atlantic Ocean likely resulted from recent Pliocene–Pleistocene (95% HPD 1.0–4.97) northward dispersal from the southern hemisphere.
Our results imply that dispersal appears to have had a significant role to play in the evolution of this group.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
83.
This paper examines the use of on-board global positioning system (GPS) data recorders as a method to collect field data on the movements of solid waste collection vehicles at transfer stations. The movements of five waste collection vehicles using four different transfer facilities were compared over a period of 1 year. The spatial data were analyzed using geofences to determine the amount of time each truck spent on each of four activities: queuing for access to the weigh scale, sitting on the weigh scale, queuing for access to the tipping floor, and unloading waste. The study found that queuing delays can be identified and measured using GPS data. The average time at a facility for all trucks was 16.4min per visit, with a standard deviation of 14.3min. Time at the facility ranged between 2 and 111min per visit and the distribution of time at the facility was positively skewed. Multi-compartment vehicles (co-collection and recycling trucks) spent significantly more time at unloading facilities. There were also significant differences in the length and the location of the queues at different facilities. At one facility, the longest delays were encountered while waiting for the weigh scale, at two facilities trucks experienced delays in obtaining access to the tipping floor, while at the fourth facility no significant delays developed. 相似文献
84.
Demographic Forecasting in Koala Conservation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Angela M. Penn William B. Sherwin †† Greg Gordon † Daniel Lunney ‡ Alistair Melzer § and Robert C. Lacy 《Conservation biology》2000,14(3):629-638
Abstract: The koala currently needs conservation intervention. There is clear evidence of decline in many populations, but the existence of other stable or expanding populations offers the possibility of a variety of creative solutions to their conservation problems. The 1998 National Koala Conservation Strategy emphasizes the need to obtain demographic information and to use this information to assess management options for koalas. We need accurate diagnoses of the status of koala populations and forecasts of their demographic future with and without particular management actions. In a qualitative fashion, this process has been undertaken many times on a local and national scale. Quantitative demographic forecasting tools are increasingly available, and koala management could benefit from their application both at the scale of individual populations and more broadly. There is already a considerable body of suitable data on the dispersal, effects of normal and catastrophic environmental variation on reproduction and survival, and on the effects of habitat change. Demographic forecasting, however, is hampered because the full suite of information is rarely available from a single population. In two Queensland populations, retrospective population viability analyses provided forecasts that were in agreement with observed population trends. Work is needed to determine whether data from one population can be applied to other populations. Models can then be developed to make projections at a multipopulation level on the basis of local population dynamics and dispersal. Certain koala populations, because of their long history of study, offer the opportunity to test demographic models retrospectively. These tests will not only aid in fine-tuning the models for koala biology and data but will also assist with the more general process of validating the models. 相似文献
85.
Alexander M. Kusmanoff Fiona Fidler Ascelin Gordon Georgia E. Garrard Sarah A. Bekessy 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1131-1141
Communication and advocacy approaches that influence attitudes and behaviors are key to addressing conservation problems, and the way an issue is framed can affect how people view, judge, and respond to an issue. Responses to conservation interventions can also be influenced by subtle wording changes in statements that may appeal to different values, activate social norms, influence a person's affect or mood, or trigger certain biases, each of which can differently influence the resulting engagement, attitudes, and behavior. We contend that by strategically considering how conservation communications are framed, they can be made more effective with little or no additional cost. Key framing considerations include, emphasizing things that matter to the audience, evoking helpful social norms, reducing psychological distance, leveraging useful biases, and, where practicable, testing messages. These lessons will help communicators think strategically about how to frame messages for greater effect. 相似文献
86.
Tuihedur Rahman H.M. Hickey Gordon M. Ford James D. Egan Malcolm A. 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(5):1535-1553
Regional Environmental Change - In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review of climate change vulnerability-related research conducted in Bangladesh between 1994 and... 相似文献
87.
Objectives Support after fetal diagnosis of abnormality (SAFDA), is a facilitated shared experience group for women and their partners or support person, in Victoria, Australia, who have had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the SAFDA-facilitated group. Methods A questionnaire-based study was undertaken between 2001 and 2005 to evaluate SAFDA. A deidentified self-completed questionnaire was given to participants at the end of each group and included questions relating to the referring professional, participants' prior expectations of the group, helpfulness of participation, preferred group format, length, and venue. In addition, there was also opportunity for participants to make general comments on their experiences of participating in SAFDA. Results A total of 85 participants (100% response) completed the questionnaire. Seventy-one participants (84%) considered it ‘very helpful’ to participate in the group. Seventy-eight participants (92%) considered that a shared-experience group was the most beneficial format. Comments written by participants affirmed that the present format of SAFDA was a highly valued opportunity to listen to and share experiences in a confidential small group. Conclusion SAFDA is a beneficial forum for women and their partners or support person to share their experiences after having had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. Further, SAFDA provides information and insights for health professionals who are considering how best to support women. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
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90.
This paper reviews methods for exploring the differences between alternative equations in complex ecosystem models. A factorial design is proposed as a method for exposing possible interactions between equation forms in their effect on model output as well as to clarify differences between the main candidate equations. A number of display methods arising from statistical analysis are used including normal Q-Q plots, linear rank plots and interaction diagrams. The methods were illustrated using a complex ecosystem model of Lake Ontario. We found the methods effective at illustrating major differences between equations although several difficulties arose due to the complexity of the models and the diffuse nature of the data supporting model validation. Questions of the method for standardization of equation forms so that the compared equations are in some way analogous, are important. These methods are probably most useful in cases where the data are of sufficient quality to indicate not only how different equation forms affect model output but also which are to be preferred. 相似文献