彗星电泳法测定双酚A对雄性幼龄小鼠脑细胞的DNA损伤

双酚A是一种日常生活中无处不在的环境雌激素,具有生殖和神经毒性,但低剂量长期暴露对发育期青少年的危害性常常被低估或忽视。本研究以4周龄雄性清洁级小鼠为实验对象,以茶油作为溶媒对照,分别以双酚A浓度为0μg·m L-1、0.1μg·m L-1、10μg·m L-1和1 000μg·m L-1的茶油灌胃小鼠8周,然后利用彗星电泳法检测各组小鼠脑细胞的DNA损伤。结果显示,不同浓度双酚A暴露8周后,彗星电泳图像显示小鼠脑细胞DNA出现不同程度的损伤,随着暴露剂量的增加,带有彗尾的脑细胞比率从对照组小鼠的9.5%分别升高到暴露组小鼠的34.5%、36.0%和50.5%,细胞总体的尾部DNA含量、尾长和尾矩也都逐渐增加,而且各双酚A暴露组小鼠与溶媒对照组小鼠脑细胞都具有显著性差异(P0.01),这说明中长期双酚A暴露(包括低浓度环境暴露)会导致雄性幼龄小鼠脑细胞的DNA损伤。     

水环境中4-叔辛基苯酚的污染现状与生态风险评估

4-叔辛基苯酚是一种具有内分泌干扰效应的有机污染物,已广泛存在于环境介质中,有必要关注其生态风险。本文依据2010年以来4-叔辛基苯酚在我国8个湖库、11条主要河流、9个城市市内河流、污水处理厂进出水以及近海的水体和沉积物的环境暴露浓度数据,以及4-叔辛基苯酚的急慢性毒性数据。采用物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)估算了4-叔辛基苯酚淡水、海水以及沉积物的预测无效应浓度(predicted no effect concentration, PNEC),并采用商值法对其进行了生态风险评估。结果表明,长江水系、珠江水系中4条河流地表水部分点位生态风险高,且珠江水系的风险相对较高;9个城市中的上海、广州、宁波、济南、太原和东莞6个城市河流部分点位生态风险较高;28个淡水地表水点位中,高生态风险占比为35.7%。10处有浓度数据报道的淡水沉积物中,9处为低风险,1处为中风险,海水及海洋沉积物均为低风险,4-叔辛基苯酚对我国淡水环境的影响应该引起重视。     

天津市地表水体与沉积物中7种高关注酚类化合物的污染特征与生态风险分析

为探究地表水体与沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布特征和生态风险,选择天津市3个水源地与6条主要河流,采集了26个地表水样与6个沉积物样品,利用固相萃取与超声萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了水样及沉积物中1-萘酚(1-naphthol)、壬基酚(nonylphenol, NP)、双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)、2-苯基苯酚(biphenyl-2-ol)、3,4-二氯酚(3,4-dichlorophenol)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)和对叔丁基苯酚(p-tert-butylphenol, PTBP)等7种高关注酚类化合物的浓度水平,并应用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)法和熵值法(ecological risk quotient, RQ)评估7种酚类化合物水环境和沉积物的生态风险。结果表明,地表水样中7种酚类化合物均全部检出;其中壬基酚的检出浓度最高,其次为四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A。沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布规律与水样相似,除双酚A外的目标物全部检出。其中,壬基酚浓度比其他物质浓度高2个数量级。风险评估结果显示,壬基酚对水环境与沉积物存在不可接受的风险;而四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A则对环境具有较低风险或者存在一定的风险。     

产气肠杆菌(KLE-1)絮凝特性的研究

从土壤中筛选出一株产生菌KLE-1,经鉴定该菌株为产气肠杆菌(Klebsiella mobilis)．利用乳品废水作为发酵培养基,该菌株产生多糖类微生物絮凝剂;Ca^2 对该絮凝剂的助絮凝效果优于其它金属阳离子;采用红外扫描、zeta电位测定仪对絮凝机理进行研究,表明该絮凝剂主要以架桥作用为主．     

Analysis of pollutant levels in central Hong Kong applying neural network method with particle swarm optimization

Air pollution has emerged as an imminent issue in modernsociety. Prediction of pollutant levels is an importantresearch topic in atmospheric environment today. For fulfillingsuch prediction, the use of neural network (NN), and inparticular the multi-layer perceptrons, has presented to be acost-effective technique superior to traditional statisticalmethods. But their training, usually with back-propagation (BP)algorithm or other gradient algorithms, is often with certaindrawbacks, such as: 1) very slow convergence, and 2) easilygetting stuck in a local minimum. In this paper, a newlydeveloped method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, isadopted to train perceptrons, to predict pollutant levels, andas a result, a PSO-based neural network approach is presented. The approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective bypredicting some real air-quality problems.     

丙烯腈二元共聚物超滤膜的研制

本文对丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物(PAN)超滤膜的成膜过程及膜分离性能进行了研究。结果表明:由PAN-双溶剂-酯类铸膜液制成的超滤膜对牛血清蛋白的截留率(R)为97.62％,通量(f)为84.96ml/cm~2.h.通过电子显微镜扫描观察膜底、表层以及膜断面的结构,对膜的形成机理与膜分离性能进行了研究,证明PAN是一种性能良好的新型膜材料,用PAN二元共聚物超滤膜对α-粉酶进行超滤浓缩试验,取得了较好的结果。     

Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的制备及电催化降解罗丹明B

采用电沉积法制备了Ti／MnO2／PbO2电极,并用其对质量浓度为20mg／L的罗丹明B模拟废水进行了电催化降解实验。实验结果表明：原水pH为4．95,无须调节废水的pH;最佳电解实验条件为：支持电解质NazSO4浓度0．09mol／L,电解电流密度40mA／cm^2,处理时间40min,在此条件下罗丹明B的去除率接近100％。     

Regulating the hydrolysis of organic wastes by micro-aeration and effluent recirculation

In this study, the effects of micro-aeration and liquid recirculation on the hydrolysis of vegetable and flower wastes during two-phase solid–liquid anaerobic digestion were assessed. To accomplish this, we evaluated the hydrolysis of five batches of waste that were treated under the following conditions: anaerobic, insufficient micro-aeration (aeration for 5 min every 24 h), and sufficient micro-aeration (aeration for 5 min every 12, 4 and 1 h). Hydrolysis was found to depend on the level of micro-aeration. Specifically, insufficient micro-aeration led to unstable and decreased performance. Conversely, sufficient micro-aeration promoted the hydrolysis of easily biodegradable carbohydrates and proteins, but the microbial activity was later impaired by liquid recirculation using methanogenic effluent. The hydrolysis efficiency under anaerobic conditions was comparable to the efficiency observed under sufficient micro-aeration, while the cumulative TOC of the anaerobic batch was 1.4–2.4 times higher than that of the micro-aerated batches. In addition, liquid recirculation did not have a negative effect on the development of microbial activity under anaerobic conditions, which resulted in the lignocelluloses having a higher hydrolysis efficiency.     

提高炼油废水处理场的氨氮去除率

对炼油废水处理场现有工艺进行流程优化,将MBR装置调整在接触氧化池之后运行.优化流程后氨氮平均去除率可从近于0提高至71.70％;COD平均去除率可从50.00％提高至72.00％.通过对工艺流程的对比,分析了现有工艺氨氮质量浓度难以降低的原因,指出废水中存在的某些污染物对硝化细菌起到抑制作用,减少了反应器中硝化细菌的...     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.