基于湿解技术处理木质纤维类废物的研究

运用木质纤维素固体基质半纤维素、纤维素和木质素定量分析程序等分析检测了不同湿解工况下草坪草和杂草主要组分的化学变化。结果表明,在湿解过程中草坪草和杂草中半纤维素、纤维素的相对含量呈减少趋势;木质素类物质经过衍生和小分子缩合后,其相对含量呈增加趋势;湿解最终产物呈弱酸性,可以用来改良碱性土壤。经过湿解处理的有机物料有机质含量丰富并含有大量腐殖酸,随湿解温度升高,腐殖化程度增加。在湿解过程中有机物料的主要化学组分同时受到热、湿、水解等各种作用,最终形成腐殖质。     

昆明市机动车尾气排放控制水平分析

选择CO做研究对象，采用累积百分比法对4类机动车尾气排放水平进行分析，得出结论；昆明市机动车总体排放控制水平较低，须改进和完善现行的检测／维护制度，应考虑加快车辆的更新换代和微车电喷化。     

Present status and changes of the phytoplankton community after invasion of Neosalanx taihuensis since 1982 in a deep oligotrophic plateau lake, Lake Fuxian in the subtropical China

Phytoplankton assemblages in the subtrophical oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, the second deepest lake in China, were investigated monthly from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 113 species belonging to seven phyla were identified, among them, a filamentous green alga, Mougeotia sp., dominated almost throughout the study period and comprised most of the total phytoplankton biomass.Mougeotia sp. has made a substantial development during the past decades: it was absent in 1957, only occasionally present in 1983,increased substantially in 1993, and became predominant in 2002--2003. It is likely that natural invasion of the Taihu Lake noodlefish (Neosalanx taihuensis) has led to a change of dominant herbivorous zooplankton from small to large calanoid, which has increased grazing pressure on small edible algae, and thus has indirectly favored the development of the inedible filamentous Mougeotia sp.     

皮革和毛皮加工废水处理技术

采用混凝沉淀-酸化水解-悬挂链曝气-生物接触氧化组合工艺处理皮革和毛皮加工生产废水。实验结果表明;进水COD为2400mg/L,处理后出水COD≤100mg/L,去除率≥95.8%。各项水质指标均稳定地达到了GB8978-96污水综合排放一级标准。     

西部地区经济发展与水环境质量的相关分析

认识经济发展与水环境污染的关系,以求西部地区经济与环境的协调发展。文章运用环境库兹涅茨理论和自回归分析模型,对1995～2004年我国西部地区人均GDP与废水排放量的分析,可知西部地区的人均GDP增加1%,则污水排放量增加0.582%,经济发展伴随着水环境质量的持续恶化,说明西部地区目前处于环境库兹涅茨曲线的左半部分。因此有必要加强对水环境的规制和治理,改善经济发展和水环境质量之间的这种两难关系。还表明自回归模型对于西部地区水环境质量的预测也是有效的。     

铁路集装箱空箱安全高效调拨的计算机算法

铁路集装箱安全运输的重要内容是确保集装箱运输的连续性 ,而集装箱空箱的高效率、低成本的调拨是铁路集装箱运输连续性的重要前提。为此 ,笔者提出了一种解决铁路路网上集装箱空箱调拨问题的计算机算法 ,该算法将此类问题视为一种特定的运输问题去求解 ,其目标是使得调拨集装箱的运输费用 (箱·公里 )最小 ,费用系数是两个相关站点的最短运输距离 ,并给出集装箱调拨的算例 ,实例证明了该算法是富有效率且可行性好 ,能够满足铁路集装箱运输的高效、快速、便捷运输要求。     

生态小区特征和指标体系探讨

保护和建设生态小区，推行生态细胞工程是自然生态工作的有力补充。对于目前出现的许多生态小区，中国尚无一套正式通用的生态小区考评指标体系。本文从生态学的角度出发，探讨了生态小区的概念、内涵与其特征，并以此为基础，提出了生态小区的考评指标体系，希望以此引导四川省生态小区的创建活动。     

锅炉房工艺设计中确定煤场面积的一种方法

本文以管理科学的库存理论为基础，以提高经济效益为目的，提出了一种全新的锅炉房煤场面积确定方法。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR IRRIGATION PROJECT PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: This study presents three optimization techniques for on‐farm irrigation scheduling in irrigation project planning: namely the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and iterative improvement methods. The three techniques are applied to planning a 394.6 ha irrigation project in the town of Delta, Utah, for optimizing economic profits, simulating water demand, and estimating the crop area percentages with specific water supply and planted area constraints. The comparative optimization results for the 394.6 ha irrigated project from the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and iterative improvement methods are as follows: (1) the seasonal maximum net benefits are $113,826, $111,494, and $105,444 per season, respectively; and (2) the seasonal water demands are 3.03*10³ m³, 3.0*10³ m³, and 2.92*10³ m³ per season, respectively. This study also determined the most suitable four parameters of the genetic algorithm method for the Delta irrigated project to be: (1) the number of generations equals 800, (2) population size equals 50, (3) probability of crossover equals 0.6, and (4) probability of mutation equals 0.02. Meanwhile, the most suitable three parameters of simulated annealing method for the Delta irrigated project are: (1) initial temperature equals 1,000, (2) number of moves equal 90, and (3) cooling rate equals 0.95.     

熔融-水热法合成粉煤灰沸石及其吸附性能研究

以粉煤灰为原料,研究了在熔融温度分别为 300 ℃、 400 ℃、 500 ℃,熔融时间分别为 1 h、 2 h、 3 h,水热温度分别为 45 ℃、 65 ℃、 85 ℃,水热时间分别为 6 h、 8 h、 10 h,对合成粉煤灰沸石( FZ)吸附性能的影响.结果表明熔融温度为 300 ℃,熔融保温时间为 1 h,水热温度为 65 ℃,水热保温时间为 6 h,产物中有类沸石生成.熔融-水热合成 FZ对 Cd2+吸附率为 99.82%,吸附量为 0.199 64 mg/g,略高于活性炭(吸附率 99.69%)优于天然沸石(吸附率 97.94%).