海水中二甲基硫测定方法的研究

二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）是雨水天然酸性的贡献者和影响气候变化的重要痕量气体，本文海水中ＤＭＳ测定方法，即采用冷却预浓缩技术处理海水样品，用带有火焰光度检测器气相色谱仪分析，此方法的精密度为１２％，准确度为１０％，对１００ｍｌ海水样品最小检测量为０．０５４ｎｇ（ＤＭＳ）。同时对色谱柱的选取，实验材料的选择，浓缩柱填充材料的选择，鼓气效率，干燥管，样品解析，样品保存等有关实验步骤进行了讨论。     

陕北能源化工基地某工业园区水污染物排放总量控制研究

基于水污染物总量控制思路,以陕北能源化工基地某工业园区为研究对象,分析工业园区主要水环境问题及原因,分别对园区企业和集中污水处理厂提出排水水量、水质控制要求,从工程技术措施和管理手段上提出了明确的解决方案和要求。结果表明,各项减排措施实施后,COD、氨氮、石油类物质分别削减49.4%、71.0%、72.6%,园区排水总量控制在1.18万t/d,最终保证园区水污染物总量控制目标的实现。     

Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.     

铁矿石和生物炭添加对潜流人工湿地污水处理效果及温室气体排放的影响

人工湿地是温室气体的重要排放源,为了探索减少其温室气体排放的措施,通过在温室内构建了空白-人工湿地(湿地Ⅰ)、铁矿石-人工湿地(湿地Ⅱ)、生物炭-人工湿地(湿地Ⅲ)和铁矿石+生物炭-人工湿地(湿地Ⅳ)4组湿地,研究了铁矿石和生物炭基质的添加对潜流人工湿地污水处理效果和温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,4组湿地的平均出水CO...     

电解氧化法处理黄金冶炼厂选冶废水

采用电解氧化法处理同时含有高浓度氰化物与COD的黄金冶炼厂选冶废水,主要考查了外加电压、溶液pH、电解时间及极板间距等因素对氰化物和COD去除率的影响,充分利用原水中Cl^-的阳极氧化效应,深入探讨了电化学氧化过程及污染物氧化去除机理。结果表明,随着外加电压和电解时间的增大,氰化物和COD去除率逐渐增大。以石墨为阳极,钛合金为阴极,采用一阴两阳电解体系对废水进行氧化,当电压为4.5 V、初始pH为7、电解时间为3 h、极板间距为1.5 cm的条件下,总氰化物 (CN_T) 、COD、SCN^-及Cu的去除率最高可达99.6%、96%、99.9%与99.2%。电解过程中体系pH逐渐降低,电场作用下定向迁移至阳极附近的污染物去除主要归因于HClO及ClO^-的间接氧化作用,当pH大于5.0时以HClO的氧化为主,ClO^-的氧化为辅,而pH小于5.0时则主要是HClO的氧化。电解氧化过程中约有36.17%的Cu与SCN^-形成CuSCN沉淀而被除去,剩余的铜则扩散至阴极沉积析出。GC-MS分析表明,烷烃类、酯类、酮类等大分子的C=C键、酯基、羰基等化学键和官能团被氧化断链成小分子物质,随后继续被氧化为H₂O、CO₂和N₂。     

沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药定量分析的质量保证和质量控制

以美国ＥＰＡ为方法为基础,进行了沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分析的质量保证和质量控制实验,采用回收率指示物控制回收率,用内标法定量。结果表明多环芳烃的指示物回收率为５０．６７－９７．３３％,目标化合物的回收率为５８．６７－９６．３３％,方法检测限为３．３０－９．２６μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。     

循环流化床锅炉掺烧危废渣蜡对灰渣污染特征的影响

煤制油技术产生的易蓄热自燃的渣蜡属于危险废物,处置不当会带来较大的环境影响和环境风险。通过与燃料煤混合燃烧的利用方式处理渣蜡可降低处理成本,同时减少能源浪费。按燃料煤与渣蜡30∶1的比例混合,通过循环流化床 (CFB) 锅炉掺烧,对其热能进行利用,并研究其对CFB锅炉运行和灰渣特征的影响。结果表明,混合后的掺烧燃料组分变化差异较大,部分重金属含量有所增高;掺烧实验开始阶段锅炉的运行负荷和炉膛的出口温度出现明显上升,而工况稳定后,波动不大;相比燃料煤,掺烧产生的粉煤灰和炉渣的热灼减率无明显差异,二恶英类持久性有机污染物贡献均以OCDD为主导,但重金属铬、锰和铜含量稍有增加,主要受渣蜡中重金属迁移和难挥发影响。本研究结果可为通过循环流化床 (CFB) 锅炉掺烧发电的方式对渣蜡进行合理的资源化利用提供参考。     

Effects of pesticides on soil biochemical characteristics of a paddy soil

IntroductionThemaintenanceofsoilfertilitydependsonthesizeandtheactivityofthesoilmicrobialbiomasswhichisoffundamentalimportanceinbiologicalcyclesofalmostallmajorplantnutrients(Robert,1992 ) .Thereisconsiderableinterestinstudyofsoilbiochemicalcharacteristic…     

Biological removal of methanol from process condensate for the purpose of reclamation

The biological removal of methanol from condensate of ammonia manufacturing processes for the purpose of reclamation using contact type reactor was studied. Methanol of 60 mg/L was removed completely under an HRT of 1.12 h. Optimal inorganic nutrient dose was determined on evaluating methanol removal performance and dehydrogenase activities (DHA) under different nutrition doses. The optimal inorganic nutrient dose only gave an increase of conductivity of ca. 10μs/cm^2 in the effluent on treating synthetic condensate containing methanol of 30mg/L. The results demonstrated that biological removal of methanol was effective for the purpose of recovering the methanol-bearing condensate.     

Ecological service assessment of human-dominated freshwater ecosystem with a case study in Yangzhou Prefecture, China

Freshwater ecosystems provide a host of services to humanity. These services are now rapidly being lost, not least because of the inability of making the impacts measurable. To overcome this obstacle, assessment frameworks for freshwater ecosystem services are needed. A simple water equivalent framework to assess the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems was developed in this study. It translated the occupation of freshwater ecosystem services into biologically freshwater volumes and then compares this consumption to the freshwater throughput, that is, the ecological capacity available in this region. In this way, we use the example of Yangzhou Prefecture, to account the main categories of human occupation of water ecosystem services. The result showed that there is a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services. This must encourage local government to make land-use and water management decisions both economically rational and environmentally sound.