Impact of regional temperature on the adoption of electric vehicles: an empirical study based on 20 provinces in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is not only a necessary path for China to move from a big country to a powerful country in automobile...     

三峡库区172 m蓄水位实现后干流水体溶解态重金属含量变化特征

从2008年至2010年连续两年,对三峡库区涪陵至巴东段水体溶解态重金属含量进行监测,分析三峡水库自2008年首次以172 m高水位试验性蓄水以来水体溶解态重金属含量变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：水体溶解态重金属含量在丰水期低水位时含量较高,而在平水期和枯水期高水位蓄水时,水体重金属含量较低,丰水期时水体溶解态重金属含量虽然相对较高,但仍然达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838 2002)Ⅰ类水域标准。重金属在水体与沉积物和消落带土壤中含量并无明显相关性,沉积物和消落带土壤重金属对水体溶解态重金属含量分布影响较小。库区水环境因素在丰水期和平水期、枯水期呈现出明显差异特征,特别是汛后水体悬浮物SS含量远低于丰水期。三峡水库水环境因素的变化对重金属的分配有着重要作用,丰水期过后三峡库区水体pH值和DO升高,水温和Eh降低,SS含量显著下降,水环境因素、气象条件、水位调度等因素的变化致使水体溶解态重金属含量降低     

你离糖尿病有多远?

<正>我国是糖尿病第二大国,糖尿病人口已经高达4320万,仅次于印度。不知从何时开始,糖尿病不再被叫做富贵病;它开始变成一种世界流行病。不知从何时开始,糖尿病不再是中老年人的专利,现代社会不健康生活习惯的养成让糖尿病发病趋势越来越年轻化。2006年底,联合国通过决议,决定从2007年起将每年11月14日"世界糖尿病日"定为联合     

天津市采暖季PM2.5组分消光特性及来源分析

为了解天津市采暖季细颗粒物组分对能见度的影响、明确消光组分来源,对天津市2017年采暖季大气PM_2.5样品进行了为期一月的连续采集,并测定水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳的含量,通过修正IMPROVE方程研究了细颗粒物消光特性,并采用主成分分析—多元线性回归模型(PCA-MLR)对其来源进行解析,同时应用潜在源贡献因子(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT)明确PM_2.5质量浓度的潜在污染源区域。结果表明,OC、EC以及SNA(NO3^?、NH₄⁺、SO₄^2?)的生成和积累对于能见度的下降具有重要影响,且能见度随SOR和NOR二次转化程度的升高而下降;2017年天津市采暖季日均消光系数为(294.56±262.89)Mm^?1,其中OM(34.86%)、硝酸盐(22.84%)、硫酸盐(11.59%)和EC(11.54%)为主要消光组分,硝酸盐和硫酸盐的增加对于能见度的下降起主要影响作用;根据PCA分析结果可知,天津市采暖季PM_2.5中的碳组分和水溶性离子主要来源于燃煤、生物质燃烧(68%),受扬尘(22%)和海盐(8%)的影响较小;区域传输分析结果表明天津市采暖季PM_2.5污染源潜在区域主要分布在河北中西部、河南北部、山西北部和内蒙古中部、西部。     

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling during membrane filtration

• Bacteria could easily and quickly attached onto TEP to form protobiofilms. • TEP-protobiofilm facilitate the transport of bacteria to membrane surface. • More significant flux decline was observed in the presence of TEP-protobiofilms. • Membrane fouling shows higher sensitivity to protobiofilm not to bacteria level. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are a class of transparent gel-like polysaccharides, which have been widely detected in almost every kind of feed water to membrane systems, including freshwater, seawater and wastewater. Although TEP have been thought to be related to the membrane fouling, little information is currently available for their influential mechanisms and the pertinence to biofouling development. The present study, thus, aims to explore the impact of TEPs on biofouling development during ultrafiltration. TEP samples were inoculated with bacteria for several hours before filtration and the formation of “protobiofilm” (pre-colonized TEP by bacteria) was examined and its influence on biofouling was determined. It was observed that the bacteria can easily and quickly attach onto TEPs and form protobiofilms. Ultrafiltration experiments further revealed that TEP-protobiofilms served as carriers which facilitated and accelerated transport of bacteria to membrane surface, leading to rapid development of biofouling on the ultrafiltration membrane surfaces. Moreover, compared to the feed water containing independent bacteria and TEPs, more flux decline was observed with TEP-protobiofilms. Consequently, it appeared from this study that TEP-protobiofilms play a vital role in the development of membrane biofouling, but unfortunately, this phenomenon has been often overlooked in the literature. Obviously, these findings in turn may also challenge the current understanding of organic fouling and biofouling as membrane fouling caused by TEP-protobiofilm is a combination of both. It is expected that this study might promote further research in general membrane fouling mechanisms and the development of an effective mitigation strategy.     

青岛近海不同污染过程下大气颗粒态氮磷浓度分布特征

2018年3月~2019年10月在青岛近海连续采集了大气气溶胶样品,测定出样品中溶解无机氮（DIN）、溶解无机磷（DIP）、溶解态总氮（DTN）、溶解态总磷（DTP）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的浓度分别为（7.13±6.59）μg·m^-3、（17.42±9.88）ng·m^-3、（8.34±7.03）μg·m^-3、（25.59±13.67）ng·m^-3、（10.68±10.59）μg·m^-3和（76.34±51.79）ng·m^-3.结果表明,受排放源强度、气团来源和气象条件等因素影响,采样期间气溶胶中不同形态氮磷浓度变化范围较大,DIN、DTN和TN呈现秋季浓度最高,春季和冬季次之,夏季浓度最低的季节变化特征;DIP、DTP浓度与氮组分具有相似的季节变化,表现为秋季高,夏季低,而TP浓度在春季最高,夏季最低.霾天气溶胶中不同形态氮磷浓度较晴天对照天均显著增加,DIN、DTN和TN较对照天分别提高了4.3、3.8和4.5倍,而DIP、DTP和TP较对照天分别提高了1.9、1.9和1.2倍,但不同时期霾天样品的氮组分浓度增长幅度相差较大,其中采暖期与非采暖期霾天气溶胶中DIN/DTN的值分别为（92.65±4.09）%和（80.52±8.42）%,较对照天分别提高了8.87%和4.83%;而采暖期与非采暖期霾天气溶胶中DTN/TN值分别为（73.41±12.18）%和（80.36±4.72）%,较对照天分别降低了13.35%和5.92%.霾天气溶胶中DIP占DTP的比重较对照天仅提高了1.47%,但变化较为复杂,随霾天不同而有较大差异;受气团来源、相对湿度和大气酸化过程等因素影响,气溶胶中DTP/TP的值较对照天提高了10.58%.受沙尘事件影响的气溶胶中DIN、DTN和TN的浓度较对照天分别提高了2.5、2.6和2.6倍,DIP、DTP和TP的浓度较对照天分别提高了4.0、2.8和7.2倍.     

松花江下游沿江湿地土地利用变化对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

本研究旨在明确生境质量变化对土壤细菌群落的影响,为松花江退化湿地选择科学的修复方法提供参考依据.于2018年使用Illumina MiSeq PE300第二代高通量测序平台对松花江下游的5种土地利用类型湿地（天然湿地、稻田地、玉米田、采砂迹地及恢复湿地）土壤细菌16S rDNA进行测序,分析不同土地利用类型土壤细菌群落多样性和功能的差异.结果表明：沿江湿地开垦为玉米田造成土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著降低（P<0.05）,采砂迹地的仿湿地修复使土壤细菌的Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数显著提高（P<0.05）.天然湿地、稻田、玉米田和采砂迹地的土壤细菌群落结构差异显著（P<0.05）,采砂迹地与恢复湿地的土壤细菌群落结构相似.沿江湿地土壤细菌划分为40门、105纲、258目、421科、802属和1673种,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和芽单胞菌门为各样地共有的优势菌门（相对丰度>1%）.相比之下,拟杆菌门偏好稻田土壤环境,变形菌门和芽单胞菌门偏好玉米田土壤环境,放线菌门偏好采砂迹地土壤环境.湿地土壤细菌具有新陈代谢、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、细胞过程、人类疾病和有机系统这6类一级代谢通路、46类二级代谢通路和19类主要二级代谢通路（相对丰度>1%）.土壤pH、含水量、碱解氮和碳氮比是沿江湿地土壤细菌群落多样性的主要影响因子.由此可见,改变沿江湿地土地用途降低了土壤生态系统稳定性,增加了湿地退化的潜在生态风险.     

一株发酵纤维素产丁酸菌及其代谢动力学特性

为开发降解纤维素产丁酸菌的种子资源,从牛粪、猪粪堆肥、玉米地土壤和腐木混合物的富集样品中分离得到一株厌氧降解纤维素产丁酸菌.该菌株细胞呈杆状,长7.1~9.1μm,直径1.2μm左右,经鉴定为丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum),命名为C. Butyricum DCB.在35℃条件下,菌株DCB在纤维二糖液体培养基中的最大比生长速率为0.6536h^-1,世代时间为1.06h,纤维二糖降解速率为0.1g/(L·h),丁酸生成速率为0.06g/(L·h).该菌株利用纤维素发酵产丁酸的转化率高达0.23g/g,具有良好的开发前景.     

不同植被恢复模式对土壤有机碳分子结构及其稳定性的影响

为揭示不同植被恢复模式对土壤有机碳分子结构及其稳定性的影响机理,分别在浙江凤阳山国家级自然保护区的石梁岙和凤阳湖设置样地,采用13C核磁共振技术分析常绿阔叶林与杉木林、柳杉林与针阔混交林全土和不同粒级(0~0.5、>0.5~2.0、>2.0~5.0、>5.0 mm)土壤团聚体中有机碳的质量分数及其分子结构特征. 结果表明:①常绿阔叶林0~20 cm层全土w(有机碳)(12.84 g/kg)显著高于杉木林(9.98 g/kg),柳杉林(13.93 g/kg)显著高于针阔混交林(11.54 g/kg) (P<0.05). 不同植被恢复模式下,土壤团聚体w(有机碳)总体上均随着粒径的增大呈降低趋势. ②与杉木林相比,常绿阔叶林全土有机碳中w(烷氧碳)较高,w(烷基碳)、w(芳香碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)则较低,显示常绿阔叶林全土有机碳稳定性较差;与针阔混交林相比,柳杉林全土有机碳中w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)较高,w(烷氧碳)则较低,显示柳杉林全土有机碳稳定性较好. 与0~20 cm层相比,不同植被恢复模式下>20~40 cm层全土w(烷氧碳)均明显降低,w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)均明显升高,有机碳稳定性变好. ③随着粒径的增大,不同植被恢复模式下土壤团聚体的w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)均呈降低趋势,w(烷氧碳)均呈升高趋势,说明团聚体结合的有机碳稳定性逐渐变差. 研究显示,不同植被恢复模式下的不同树种组成是影响土壤有机碳质量分数及其分子结构、稳定性差异的主要因素.      

Role of water chemistry on estrone removal by nanofiltration with the presence of hydrophobic acids

Hydrophobic acid organic matter (HpoA) extracted from treated effluent has been known to improve the rejection of steroid hormone estrone by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In this study, the effects of solution chemistry (solution pH and ionic strength) on the estrone rejection by NF membrane with the presence of HpoA were systematically investigated. Crossflow nanofiltration experiments show that the presence of HpoA significantly improved estrone rejection at all pH and ionic strength levels investigated. It is consistently shown that the “enhancement effect” of HpoA on estrone rejection at neutral and alkaline pH is attributed to the binding of estrone by HpoA macromolecules via hydrogen bonding between phenolic functional groups in feed solutions, which leads to an increase in molecular weight and appearance of negative charge. The membrane exhibited the best performance in terms of estrone rejection at pH 10.4 (compared to pH 4 and pH 7) as a result of strengthening the electrostatic repulsion between estrone and membrane with the presence of HpoA. At neutral pH level, the ability of HpoA macromolecules to promote estrone rejection became stronger with increasing ionic strength due to their more extended conformation, which created more chances for the association between estrone and HpoA. The important conclusion of this study is that increasing solution pH and salinity can greatly intensify the “enhancement effect” of HpoA. These results can be important for NF application in direct/indirect potable water reuse.