Pollutant emission reduction effect through effluent tax,concentration-based effluent standard,or both

There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards. However, forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantity-based limits/standards (e.g. pounds per day or pounds per unit of output). Concentration-based emission standard (e.g. milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention. In this article, comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentration-based effluent standards, effluent taxes, and a combination of both. A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure. With one detailed application to the paper industry, some enlightenment and conclusions – as well as the general applicability of these principles – are then provided: Under the same effluent tax rate, enterprises, groups, and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs. It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries. It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises’ or industries’ emission reduction by preferential measures, such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.     

我国工业废水排放的投入产出重要系数确定研究

工业废水是我国水环境污染的重要污染源.在投入产出模型中,重要系数的研究对于确定关键经济链起着重要的指导作用,本文基于投入产出模型采用损失量法对我国2002年工业废水排放的重要系数确定作了研究.通过以产业关联性和产业规模为受影响对象选取了16个公共重要系数,并由此确定了工业废水排放的关键生产链.工业废水排放重要系数的确定对于我国改进技术和产业结构优化以及实现政府减排目标提供了有力的参考依据,工业废水排放重要参数分析也可适用于SO2污染、NOx污染和固体废弃物污染等,这对我国实现十一五规划污染排放目标有指导意义.     

Hydrophobic calcium carbonate: an option for the value-added conversion of wastes resulting from biodiesel production

High production cost is the key issue of biodiesel industry nowadays. To low down the cost, using low-quality lipids feedstock is the most effective way. Two-step process is vastly applied to deal with those low-quality lipids to produce biodiesel. However, environmentally unfriendly wastes are formed during the process. Here we use calcium oxide residue and wastewater from biodiesel production to produce nanostructured calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) by carbonation at ambient temperature. The results show that CaCO₃ is hydrophobic and has broccoli-like morphology. It is made up of many uniform nano-rods, and each rod is composed of smaller particles with diameters about 50 nm. The idea of wastes utilization could make the biodiesel production process environmentally friendly, and the income of the produced CaCO₃ could further low down the cost of biodiesel production.     

LNG泄漏与防范的研究

分析了液化天然气的特点与危害性，阐述了控制液化天然气风险的有关监测、建筑、防爆、灭火和运输等方面的规范要求。     

反馈控制理论在安全隐患管理中的应用

事故防制是安全管理的核心,而事故隐患是导致事故发生的根源.因此,有效的隐患管理成为安全管理工作的重中之重.将反馈闭环控制机制应用在安全隐患管理的全过程中,收到了良好的效果,提高了隐患管理水平,保证现场安全生产的正常展开.     

废旧塑料用于印染废水脱色研究

探讨了在阳离子助剂及十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在下,利用废旧塑料对阴离子染料的脱色工艺。结果表明,此脱色工艺具有脱色温度低、时间短、脱色率高、操作简单等优点。     

蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对西河水诱变性检测

本文采用新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对南充市西河三个污染断面河水污染物的DNA损伤作用进行了监测。结果表明,所监测的三个点均存在较明显的诱变剂／致癌剂污染;新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验的灵敏度足以直接检测水体环境致突变／致癌物的污染。     

行政区域实施ISO14001标准的研究

以厦门市鼓浪屿区实施的ISO14001标准为研究实例,探讨了行政区域实施ISO14001标准的意义、实施步骤和环境管理体系的构架模式,可为其他类似区域建立环境管理体系所借鉴。     

张家口坝上地区环境与经济协调发展浅析

张家口坝上地区自然条件较差,是河北省及全国范围内经济发展为落后的地区,,发展经济与改善环境是本区所面临的两大难题。本文对其经济与环境间的相互影响进行了分析,并以可持续发展为理论基础,提出了开发水资源,发展灌溉农业,实现粮食稳定自给和退耕还牧,改善生态环境的发展对策。