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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Jennifer Jandt Hannah K. Larson Peter Tellez Terrence P. McGlynn 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(12):1109-1114
Flexibility in behavior can increase the likelihood that a forager may respond optimally in a fluctuating environment. Nevertheless, physiological or neuronal constraints may result in suboptimal responses to stimuli. We observed foraging workers of the giant tropical ant (also referred to as the “bullet ant”), Paraponera clavata, as they reacted to liquid solutions with varying concentrations of sugar and protein. We show that when protein/sucrose concentration is high, many bullet ants will often try to grasp at the droplet, rather than gather it by drinking. Because P. clavata actively hunt for prey, fixed action patterns and rapid responses to protein may be adaptively important, regardless of the medium in which it is presented. We conclude that, in P. clavata, food-handling decisions are made in response to the nutrient content of the food rather than the texture of the food. Further, we suggest that colonies that maintain a mixture of individuals with consistent fixed or flexible behavioral responses to food-handling decisions may be better adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions, and we propose future studies that could address this. 相似文献
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A theory of leader developmental readiness is examined comprised of leaders' motivation and ability to develop. Early theory-building and testing suggests leaders' motivation to develop is promoted through interest and goals, learning goal orientation, and developmental efficacy; while leaders' ability to develop is promoted through self-awareness, self-complexity, and meta-cognitive ability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
Despite an array of policies at the federal and state level aimed at regulating stormwater discharges, engineered solutions
enforced by local governments often fall short of meeting water quality standards. Although the implications of land use planning
and development regulations are important for stormwater management, they are often overlooked as critical initial steps to
improving water quality. This study explores the role of ‘form-based’ regulations as tools for achieving urban planning and
water quality objectives. Form-based codes are a new generation of development codes aimed at regulating urban development
based on urban form and density, rather than land use. We present an exploratory case study of the feasibility of form-based
codes in the Jordan Lake Watershed in North Carolina, a rapidly growing region where fragmented local governments face stringent
nutrient reduction standards under new state regulations. Through program analysis and interviews, we explore the viability
of form-based codes for reducing development impacts on Jordan Lake’s water quality. We consider the legal feasibility of
code enforcement, regional and local barriers and opportunities, and implementation given existing regulatory frameworks.
Our findings suggest that high quality information and data modeling are foundational to gaining support for a consensus agreement
on the sources and degree of water quality impairment. Furthermore, implementing form-based solutions for water quality is
greatly aided by (1) experienced regional planning bodies that have regulatory authority, and (2) local governments whose
staff are experienced in implementing complex development ordinances, reviewing architectural renderings, and communicating
development requirements with the public and developers. 相似文献
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Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.Killinger Hannah K.Liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael J.Plew Susan D.Richardson Stephen E.Duirk 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(4):204-214
Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required disinfection.While regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are formed.The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast medium.Barberton SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium chloride.Chlorine contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or chloramination.Concentrations of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 hrchloraminationperiod.Dichloroiodomethane(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to CCT.Iodo-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after chloramination.Significant quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia addition.Therefore,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions. 相似文献
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Hannah Gosnell Julia H. Haggerty Patrick A. Byorth 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(4):990-1003
Abstract: This article reports on a survey of ranch owners in high amenity areas in southwestern Montana that have experienced marked ownership change over the last two decades. Specifically, we focus on findings from a set of questions targeting water resource and riparian area management. After reviewing the results, we consider how new owners may be managing water resources differently than longtime owners and what the ecological implications of this shift in management might be for Montana’s prized wild fisheries. Uses more closely associated with new owners than with longtime owners include water reallocation to instream uses, aquatic and riparian ecosystem restoration, and fish pond construction. These uses have both positive and negative impacts on the region’s fisheries. Our findings suggest that current laws and institutions guiding the management of water resources and the aquatic and riparian ecosystems they support may not be adequate to address emerging conservation opportunities and challenges. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The growing demand for natural rubber is increasingly threatening biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Recently, the French Michelin Group started a cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to establish environmentally and socially sustainable ‘model’ rubber plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The framing of Michelin’s tyre production as ‘eco-friendly’ and their purported ‘sustainable’ rubber cultivation contradict with statements by villagers living around Michelin’s plantation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, who are reporting environmental destruction and land tenure conflicts. Conceptually, we build on political ecology and critical human geography perspectives to identify conflicts and ambiguities related to sustainability claims, deforestation and dispossession. Empirically, we draw on qualitative research in a village affected by the plantation. We confront and deconstruct the discursive framing of sustainable rubber production with our empirical findings. We show how the plantation restricts access to land and instead of providing additional income, is actually limiting development opportunities. 相似文献