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71.
Twenty-six pesticides and pesticide degradation products were screened (125 micrograms - 2000 micrograms) for their ability to induce unrepairable damage to bacterial DNA. Three repair test systems were utilized in this study, the Salmonella typhimurium (TA1538/TA1978), the E. coli K-12 (Pol A1+/Pol1-) and the E. coli WP2 (WP2, WP2uvrA, WP67, CM611 and CM571). Aldicarb (1000 micrograms), benomyl (250 micrograms), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2000 micrograms), captan (125 micrograms), fenazalor (500 micrograms), 5,6-dichloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole (NC-2983) (250 micrograms), isothymol (250 micrograms), maleic hydrazide (1000 micrograms), pentachloronitrobenzene (1000 micrograms) were DNA-damaging to one or more bacterial test systems. Isothymol and NC-2983 affected all three test systems. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, some being recognized as carcinogens, did not produce a zone of inhibition in any of the tester strains possibly due to their poor solubility and diffusion in the agar overlay. It was concluded that these tests can be performed along with bacterial reversion tests to complement each other as short-term screening tests for potential carcinogens and mutagens. 相似文献
72.
With current agricultural practices the amounts of fertilizer N applied are frequently more than the amounts removed by the crop. Excessive N application may result in short-term accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in soil, which can easily be leached from the root zone and into the ground water. A management practice suggested for conserving accumulated NO3-N is the application of oily food waste (FOG; fat + oil + greases) to agricultural soils. A two-year field study (1995-1996 and 1996-1997) was conducted at Elora Research Center (43 degrees 38' N, 80 degrees W; 346 m above mean sea level), University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of FOG application in fall and spring on soil NO3-N contents and apparent N immobilization-mineralization of soil N in the 0- to 60-cm soil layer. The experiment was planned under a randomized complete block design with four replications. An unamended control and a reference treatment [winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop] were included in the experiment to compare the effects of fall and spring treatment of oily food waste on soil NO3-N contents and apparent N immobilization-mineralization. Oily food waste application at 10 Mg ha(-1) in the fall decreased soil NO3-N by immobilization and conserved 47 to 56 kg NO3-N ha(-1), which would otherwise be subject to leaching. Nitrogen immobilized due to FOG application in the fall was subsequently remineralized by the time of fertilizer N sidedress, whereas no net mineralization was observed in spring-amended plots at the same time. 相似文献
73.
K A Rashid I T Baldwin J G Babish J C Schultz R O Mumma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1985,20(2):153-165
Gallic acid, tannic acid mixture and a purified fraction of tannic acid were evaluated for possible mutagenic activity in three strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA98, TA100, and TA1535. These chemicals were not mutagenic either before or after activation with rat and woodchuck microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. However, tannic acid mixture and tannic acid fraction both gave a significantly (p = 0.05) dose-related reduction in the number of the revertant colonies, compared to the normal spontaneous revertants with no apparent toxic effects in the background lawn. With an agar diffusion assay, the chemicals exhibited toxic effects at 5000 micrograms/disc. 相似文献
74.
Oluwafemi S. Obayori Sunday A. Adebusoye Adams O. Adewale Ganiyu O. Oyetibo Odunola O. Oluyemi Rashid A. Amokun Matthew O. Ilori 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(2):243-248
Four hydrocarbon degraders isolated from enriched oil- and asphalt-contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria, were tested for their
petroleum degradation potentials. All the isolates were identified as species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas putida P11 demonstrated a
strong ability to degrade kerosene, gasoline, diesel, engine oil and crude oil while P. aeruginosa BB3 exhibited fair degradative ability
on crude oil, gasoline, engine oil, anthracene and pyrene but weak on kerosene, diesel and dibenzothiophene. Pseudomonas putida
WL2 and P. aeruginosa MVL1 grew on crude oil and all its cuts tested with the latter possessing similar polycyclic aromatic potentials
as P11. All the strains grew logarithmically with 1–2 orders of magnitude and with generation time ranging significantly between 3.07
and 8.55 d at 0.05 level of confidence. Strains WL2 and MVL1 utilized the oil substrate best with more than 70% in 6 d experimental
period, whereas the same feat was achieved by P11 in 12 d period. BB3 on the other hand degraded only 46% within 6 d. Interestingly,
data obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of oil recovered from the culture fluids of MVL1 confirmed near-disappearance of
major peaks (including aliphatics and aromatics) in the hydrocarbon mixture. 相似文献
75.
J. Purbolaksono J. Ahmad A. Khinani A.A. Ali A.Z. Rashid 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(1):98-105
Increased temperature and decreased hardness values of the tube metal and development of oxide scale on the inner surface of boiler tubes over prolonged period of time are typical problems in power plants. Appropriate life assessments or condition monitoring of boiler tube should be carried out from time to time. Computer simulations may economically support the post-failure assessment method, i.e. visual inspections, metallurgical examinations and mechanical strength measurements. However, estimations obtained from the simulations may provide an advanced warning to take preventive actions prior to failure. In this work two failure cases of the reheater and superheater tubes made of a typical material of SA213-T22 steel are evaluated. As the oxide scales are increasingly developed on the inner surface, the increasing of temperature and decreasing of hardness value in tube metal for both cases are determined. The remnant life estimations are then made in the form of creep cumulative damages. 相似文献
76.
bin Mohamed Rashid Mohamad Rohaidzat Mijarsh Mustafa Juma A. Seli Hazman Johari Megat Azmi Megat Ahmad Zainal Arifin 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1090-1098
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study focuses on the potential usage of sago pith waste ash (SPWA) obtained from sago pith waste (SPW) calcined from 500 to... 相似文献
77.
Ariffin Muhammad Afif Wan Mahmood Wan Mohd Faizal Harun Zambri Mohamed Ramizi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1244-1252
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper focuses on the performance of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) gasification using a medium-scale downdraft gasifier for power... 相似文献
78.
The present study has been carried out to assess groundwater quality in parts of Hindon–Yamuna interfluve region of western
Uttar Pradesh. Fifty-five groundwater samples were collected from hand pumps in post-monsoon 2005 and pre-monsoon 2006 period,
respectively, covering an area of about 1,345 km2. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Na, K, Ca, Mg,
HCO3, Cl, and SO4 were determined. Concentration of the chemical constituents in groundwater of the study area varies spatially and temporarily.
Interpretation of analytical data of major ion chemistry helps to identify three chemical types of groundwater i.e. ‘mixed’,
‘mixed bicarbonate’ and ‘alkali bicarbonate’ types. The species likely to occur in groundwater of the study area are Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3, Ca-SO4, Na-Cl, Na-SO4, Na-HCO3, K-Cl, and some other possible species of K, depending on its abundance. The groundwater of the study area comes under the
category of moderately hard to very hard, mildly acidic to slightly alkaline in nature. There is anomalously high concentration
of major ions, particularly, Na, K, SO4, and Cl. High SO4 and K values may be related to anthropogenic influences, rather than through some natural process. Sodium along with Cl may
be added to the system through sewage pollution and leachate percolation. 相似文献
79.
Kamal A. Rashid C.D. Ercegovich Ralph O. Mumma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):95-110
Abstract The mutagenic activity of chlordimeform and two of its breakdown products, 4‐chloro‐o‐toludine and 4‐chloro‐N‐formyl‐o‐toluidine were determined with five histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100) and five tryptophan dependent strains of E. coli WP2. (WP2, WP2uvrA, WP67, CM611, CM571) with and without rat liver microsomal enzymes. 4‐chloro‐o‐toluidine increased the number of the reversions of the S. typhimurium strain TA1535 more than two fold over spontaneous at the concentration of 400 μg/plate. The results of the DNA repair tests in the Salmonella TA1538/TA1978 and E. coli multirepair deficient systems showed that both breakdown products were active in inducing damage not repaired in at least one repair deficient strain while chlordimeform itself was inactive. 相似文献
80.
Ibrahim M. Shaluf Fakhrul-Razi Ahmadun Abdul Rashid Shariff 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2003,16(6):513-521
Major Hazard Installations (MHIs) deal with the hazardous substances which exceed the threshold quantity. Although MHIs are safe organizations, they cannot fail due to a single error. However, due to their high complexity, the designer and the operator make errors during the design, and operation of the plants. Consequently, the technical, operational and organizational errors may lead to a major accident. The world has seen many incidents due to the operation of the MHIs. Malaysia has experienced several technological disasters. Four investigation reports have been reviewed in detail. This paper reviews the causes of the technological disasters in general. This paper also summarizes the causes of the technological disasters in Malaysia. Finally the paper rearranges the technological disaster causes and errors. 相似文献