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21.
Xiyong Hou Mingjie Li Meng Gao Liangju Yu Xiaoli Bi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):267-277
Annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration are the most important large-scale indicators of terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem net primary productivity. In this paper, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor level 3 standard mapped image annual products from 1998 to 2009 are used to study the spatial–temporal characters of terrestrial NDVI and oceanic Chl-a concentration on two sides of the coastline of China by using the methods of mean value (M), coefficient of variation (CV), the slope of unary linear regression model (Slope), and the Hurst index (H). In detail, we researched and analyzed the spatial–temporal dynamics, the longitudinal zonality and latitudinal zonality, the direction, intensity, and persistency of historical changes. The results showed that: (1) spatial patterns of M and CV between NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 were very different. The dynamic variation of terrestrial NDVI was much mild, while the variation of oceanic Chl-a concentration was relatively much larger; (2) distinct longitudinal zonality was found for Chl-a concentration and NDVI due to their hypersensitivity to the distance to shoreline, and strong latitudinal zonality existed for Chl-a concentration while terrestrial NDVI had a very weak latitudinal zonality; (3) overall, the NDVI showed a slight decreasing trend while the Chl-a concentration showed a significant increasing trend in the past 12 years, and both of them exhibit strong self-similarity and long-range dependence which indicates opposite future trends between land and ocean. 相似文献
22.
Ni2 +对活性污泥活性及群落多样性的影响简 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过检测活性污泥的电子传递体系活性以及生物多样性,研究Ni2+对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响。结果表明:与对照系统相比,5 mg/L的Ni2+对2,3,5-triphenylteltrazolium chloride(TTC-ETS)活性未产生显著的影响;但当Ni2+的浓度进一步增大到10、20和40 mg/L后,其对序批式反应器内活性污泥TTC-ETS活性的抑制率分别达到(36.79±11.14)%、(55.88±13.90)%和(70.97±6.78)%。低浓度Ni2+能增强活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用,但高于10 mg/L的Ni2+则显著抑制了活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用。各个SBR系统中微生物群落最常见的物种相近,物种丰富度和均一性则均有所不同,其中群落物种丰富度随着Ni2+浓度的增加而逐渐减小。TTC-ETS活性、平均每孔颜色变化率、Shannon指数和Simpson指数,与Ni2+的胁迫浓度之间的显著相关性表明,它们均可有效地表征Ni2+胁迫对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响程度。 相似文献
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Weixuan Zhao Liping Lian Xingpeng Jin Renxi Zhang Gang Luo Huiqi Hou Shanping Chen Ruina Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):20
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以赤铁矿为原料、硫化钠为硫化试剂,对赤铁矿进行了硫化改性,考察了硫化赤铁矿(SH) 对水中六价铬Cr(Ⅵ) 的还原固定化性能。 Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合结果表明,该材料在pH=7时对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为66.7 mg·g−1,约为原始赤铁矿的39倍。SH对 Cr(Ⅵ) 的去除过程符合准二级动力学模型,表明该过程可能受化学吸附控制。进一步采用TEM、XRD等手段对SH进行了表征,并结合材料吸附前后的XPS图谱变化,对SH去除水中 Cr(Ⅵ) 的机制进行了分析。结果表明, 与未改性的赤铁矿相比,硫化改性赤铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)去除性能显著提高的原因可能源于赤铁矿表面形成的铁-硫化合物层。在SH还原固定化 Cr(Ⅵ) 的过程中,表面硫化层中的还原性物质FeS、吸附态 Fe(Ⅱ) 和 S(-II) 将 Cr(Ⅵ) 还原为 Cr(Ⅲ),从而实现对Cr(Ⅵ) 的稳定化。 相似文献
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HCHs and DDTs in sediment-dwelling animals including mollusks and crabs from the Yangtze Estuary were determined by GC-ECD. Levels of t-HCH were in the range of 1.2-5.5 ng g(-1) and averaged 3.5 ng g(-1) in mollusks, while t-DDT concentrations ranged from 26.0 to 68.8 ng g(-1), with a mean of 34.5 ng g(-1). In crabs t-HCH concentrations varied from 2.0 to 25.7 ng g(-1) and averaged 13.8 ng g(-1), whereas the concentrations of t-DDT were in the range of 1.5-24.8 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 5.9 ng g(-1). The HCHs and DDTs levels depend on geographical position and sources, showing the high levels at fresh water area in the estuary, such as XP, CM and LHK sites, and lower at brackish water area, such as FX site, and little difference between species. Results also indicate there was no significant relationship between t-HCH (t-DDT) concentrations and lipid contents both in mollusks and crabs because of non-equilibrium state under a specific estuarine dynamics; smaller individuals accumulated more HCHs and DDTs than larger individuals of mollusks at LHK site, showing different uptake rate for these pesticides; moreover, HCHs and DDTs levels were lower in female crab bodies than male crab bodies suggesting that the release of spawning. BSAFs (Biota- Sediment Accumulation Factors) from sediment-dwelling animals for HCHs and DDTs show a significant "one high with two low" and "one low with two high" effect in the Yangtze Estuary. 相似文献
28.
通过HNO3-KOH对活性炭进行改性,采用扫面电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析(BET)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)和Boehm滴定法对改性前后的活性炭进行表征,研究了改性前后的活性炭在不同条件下对微污染水源水中Ni2+的吸附能力和动力学。结果表明:改性活性炭表面含氧酸性官能团数量增加,比表面积和总孔容均略有降低,孔径变化不明显。在Ni2+浓度为0.4 mg·L-1,改性活性炭投加量5.0 g·L-1,温度30 ℃时,反应1 h去除率可达95.55%,剩余Ni2+浓度为0.017 8 mg·L-1,达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)中的要求。相同条件下,改性前活性炭对Ni2+的去除率仅为74.45%,剩余Ni2+浓度达不到标准要求。活性炭对Ni2+的等温吸附更符合Langmuir方程,吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学方程。 相似文献
29.
氨氮废水处理技术研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
氨氮废水是造成水体富营养化的主要因素之一 ,本文综述了氨氮废水的几种主要处理技术 ,介绍了它们的处理原理以及适用条件 ,指出了今后研究工作中需要解决的问题和氨氮废水处理技术今后的发展方向 相似文献
30.