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451.
Valverde A González-Tirante M Medina-Sierra M Santa-Regina I García-Sánchez A Igual JM 《Chemosphere》2011,85(1):129-134
We studied the bacterial diversity at a single location (the Terrubias mine; Salamanca province, Spain) with a gradient of soil As contamination to test if increasing levels of As would (1) change the preponderant groups of arsenic-resistant bacteria and (2) increase the tolerance thresholds to arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] of such bacteria. We studied the genetic and taxonomic diversity of culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria by PCR fingerprinting techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, the tolerance thresholds to As(III) and As(V) were determined for representative strains and mathematically analyzed to determine relationships between tolerances to As(III) and As(V), as well as these tolerances with the soil contamination level. The diversity of the bacterial community was, as expected, inversely related to the soil As content. The overall preponderant arsenic-resistant bacteria were Firmicutes (mainly Bacillus spp.) followed by γ-Proteobacteria (mainly Pseudomonas spp.), with increasing relative frequencies of the former as the soil arsenic concentration increased. Moreover, a strain of the species Rahnella aquatilis (γ-Proteobacteria class) exhibited strong endurance to arsenic, being described for the first time in literature such a phenotype within this bacterial species. Tolerances of the isolates to As(III) and As(V) were correlated but not with their origin (soil contamination level). Most of the strains (64%) showed relatively low tolerances to As(III) and As(V), but the second most numerous group of isolates (19%) showed increased tolerance to As(III) rather than to As(V), even though the As(V) anion is the prevalent arsenic species in soil solution at this location. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a shift towards preponderance of Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) related to high concentrations of soil arsenic. It was also shown that, under aerobic conditions, strains with relatively enhanced tolerance to As(III) predominated over the most As(V)-tolerant ones. 相似文献
452.
Critical review of actually available chemical compounds for prevention and management of cyanobacterial blooms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cyanobacteria proliferation is among the most threatening consequences of freshwater pollution. Health risks from human and other-organism exposure to cyanobacteria have led to an effort to find practical methods for cyanobacterial water-bloom reduction. Hence, methods and techniques have been developed in order to reduce the amount of phosphorus or to decrease the abundance of nuisance phytoplankton species directly in the water bodies (in-lake measures). Although these “acute” methods do not solve the problem of catchment area eutrophication, they are cheaper, easier to manage, and for some areas they are the only way to protect human and environmental health against massive cyanobacterial proliferation. This review summarizes the extent of knowledge and published data about the management using metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Ca), photosensitizers (hydrogen peroxide, phthalocyanines, TiO2), herbicides and chemicals derived from natural compounds as fast and efficient removal agents of cyanobacteria. This review concludes that some compounds, when non-persistent and ecotoxicologically acceptable may help to manage cyanobacterial blooms in an efficient way compared to previous methods (e.g. copper sulfate). 相似文献
453.
Santoyo MM Flores CR Torres AL Wrobel K Wrobel K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2387-2392
In this work, possible relationships between global DNA methylation and metal/metalloid concentrations in earthworms have been explored. Direct correlation was observed between soil and tissue As, Se, Sb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ag, Co, Hg, Pb (p < 0.05). Speciation results obtained for As and Hg hint at the capability of earthworms for conversion of inorganic element forms present in soil to methylated species. Inverse correlation was observed between the percentage of methylated DNA cytosines and total tissue As, As + Hg, As + Hg + Se + Sb (β = −0.8456, p = 0.071; β = −0.9406, p = 0.017; β = −0.9526, p = 0.012 respectively), as well as inorganic As + Hg (β = −0.8807, p = 0.049). It was concluded that earthworms would be particularly helpful as bioindicators of elements undergoing in vivo methylation and might also be used to assess the related risk of epigenetic changes in DNA methylation. 相似文献
454.
Moreno MJ D'Arienzo P Manclús JJ Montoya A 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):509-517
The aim of this work was the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and highly sensitive immunoassays (ELISAs) to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor able to migrate from the internal coating of cans to food contained inside, particularly vegetables. To produce MAbs to BPA, four synthetic compounds were conjugated to proteins and used as immunizing haptens in mice. By applying hybridoma technology, several MAbs were produced and selected. These antibodies were characterized in the conjugate-coated and in the antibody-coated formats, using both homologous and heterologous conjugates. Three indirect ELISA based on the MAbs showing the highest affinity to BPA were selected. The limit of detection of the most sensitive ELISA was 0.22 nM (0.05 ng/mL), with an I?? value of around 1 nM (0.23 ng/mL). An homologous ELISA based on the MAb BPAB-11 was applied to the simple, direct determination of BPA in the liquid portion of canned artichoke, peas, and sweet corn. Only sample dilution in an appropriate saline buffer was required to minimize matrix effects and to enter the ELISA working range. Recovery and precision of the method were evaluated by spiking the liquid portion of these cans with BPA at 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL. Coefficients of variation were below 20% in most cases. With regard to recovery, the analytical data obtained were also acceptable. This immunoassay has therefore proved its potential as a new tool for the rapid, sensitive and accurate determination of BPA in canned food. 相似文献
455.
Benito-López B Moreno-Enguix Mdel R Solana-Ibañez J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(6):1099-1108
Effective waste management systems can make critical contributions to public health, environmental sustainability and economic development. The challenge affects every person and institution in society, and measures cannot be undertaken without data collection and a quantitative analysis approach. In this paper, the two-stage double bootstrap procedure of Simar and Wilson (2007) is used to estimate the efficiency determinants of Spanish local entities in the provision of public street-cleaning and refuse collection services. The purpose is to identify factors that influence efficiency. The final sample comprised 1072 municipalities. In the first stage, robust efficiency estimates are obtained with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We apply the second stage, based on a truncated-regression, to estimate the effect of a group of environmental factors on DEA estimates. The results show the existence of a significant relation between efficiency and all the variables analysed (per capita income, urban population density, the comparative index of the importance of tourism and that of the whole economic activity). We have also considered the influence of a dummy categorical variable - the political sign of the governing party - on the efficient provision of the services under study. The results from the methodology proposed show that municipalities governed by progressive parties are more efficient. 相似文献
456.
Effects of different quinoid redox mediators on the removal of sulphide and nitrate via denitrification 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Aranda-Tamaura C Estrada-Alvarado MI Texier AC Cuervo F Gómez J Cervantes FJ 《Chemosphere》2007,69(11):1722-1727
The impact of different quinoid redox mediators on the simultaneous conversion of sulphide and nitrate in a denitrifying culture was evaluated. All quinones evaluated, including anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) were reduced by sulphide under abiotic conditions. NQS showed the highest reduction rate by sulphide (132 μmol h−1) and promoted the maximum rate of sulphide oxidation (87 μmol h−1) by denitrifying sludge, which represents an increase of 44% compared to the control lacking quinones. The reduced form of AQDS (AH2QDS) served as an electron donor for the microbial reduction of nitrite and N2O, which represents the first demonstration of hydroquinones supporting the microbial reduction of denitrifying intermediates. The results taken as a whole suggest that some quinones may significantly increase the rate of removal of S and N under denitrifying conditions. 相似文献
457.
The aim of this study was to test a specific method for the detection of Vitellogenin (Vtg) and Zona Radiata Proteins (Zrp) in plasma from peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as specific biomarkers for the evaluation of the effects of endocrine disruptors. The method was assayed with different peregrine falcon individuals (including mature and immature birds of both sexes) from a Spanish population being studied in terms of their contamination with organochlorine compounds with endocrine disrupting properties. This study shows that mouse anti bird Vtg monoclonal antibody ND3C3 (Biosense) seems to be the most specific antibody in binding plasmatic lipoproteins in peregrine falcon when compared to other anti Vtg antibodies. Rabbit anti salmon Zrp polyclonal antibodies O146 (Biosense) show cross-reactivity with Zrp in the samples studied. These preliminary results confirm the applicability of both of these diagnostic tools assayed (induction of Vtg and Zrp) in detecting exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in this species. The increase of Vtg and Zrp detected in male specimens suggest a potential hazard to EDCs in the peregrine falcon which represents a species still affected by organochlorine compounds, and in particular those with estrogenic activity. 相似文献
458.
María D. Álvarez 《The Environmentalist》2001,21(4):305-315
The forests of Colombia are influenced by the actions of armed groups and, in many cases, their settlers are economically dependent on illicit crops. Up to the present armed conflict has simultaneously discouraged organized exploitation in some frontier areas, and encouraged unsustainable use of natural resources therein. The Colombian government seeks to end the conflict by pursuing peace negotiations, and to eradicate illicit crops. How will these policies affect the forests? The environmental consequences of these policies are not only dependent on the unlikely economic success of alternative development, but on making informed decisions about infrastructure development in affected areas. 相似文献
459.
Juan Francisco Sánchez Pérez Enrique González Ferradás Fernando Díaz Alonso Daniel Palacios García María Victoria Mínguez Cano José Ángel Bautista Cotorruelo 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2010,88(2):109-113
In this paper new Probit equations are proposed to estimate damage produced by thermal radiation on humans (for first- and second-degree burns). They are compared to empirical threshold values and also to existing Probit equations. Results obtained are in good agreement with previous empirical experience. They also provide better estimations than existing equations. When an analysis is performed to study the evolution in the percentage of affected people by different degrees of damages, results show that proposed equations produce more consistent results than existing equations. 相似文献
460.
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of the Reconquista River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Castañé PM Rovedatti MG Topalián ML Salibián A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):135-144
The Reconquista river is one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina. More than 3 million people and over 10,000 industries
are settled on its basin. The available data show that pollution is mainly related to the discharge of domestic and industrial
liquid wastes that are poured into the river almost untreated. At present no site of the river can be characterized as free
of pollutants. Samples were taken monthly from 5 sites of the river; some 18–20 physicochemical parameters were determined
in each sample. Analyses revealed significant differences in the degree of deterioration between sites. Two of them, close
to the source of the river (Cascallares-S1 and Paso del Rey-S2) resulted less polluted than the two points located close to the mouth of the river (San Martin-S4 and Bancalari-S5). The worsening of the water quality in S4–S5 was attributed to the discharges of the Moron stream, a tributary that flows into the main course of the river a complex
mixture of non treated waste waters. PCA was used in the ordination of samples (sites, season and physicochemical parameters).
In the PCA performed using all variables, the first principal component showed positive correlation with N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity, and negative correlation with DO. The second principal component was positively correlated with pH,
temperature and chlorophyll a and negatively with phenols and hardness. In respect to the spatial distribution, the plot of the scores for the first two
components of samples taken in each sampling station showed S1 and S2 values displayed farthest at the left side of the X axis with high DO. In contrast, S4 and S5 values stayed at the right side of this axis with high N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity; data of S3 were “intermediate". In order to identify seasonal trends in the concentration of contaminants scores of cases labeled by
season were plotted. The line drawn on the ordination plane showed that summer samples tended to converge to the upper right
portion of the graph where pollution variables had more importance on the first axis, and along the second axis with high
correlation with pH, temperature and chlorophyll a. Winter scores were settled in the left lower part of the plot with minor contribution of pollution parameters and more importance
of DO on the first axis. Samples of autumn and spring did not fit a clear cut pattern.
Deceased 相似文献