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11.
The results from the multimillion dollar Enrichment of Nutrients on Coral Reefs Experiment (ENCORE) on One Tree Island Reef (OTIR) suggest that increased nutrient loads to coral reefs will have little or no effect on the algal growth rates and, hence, on the associated effects that increased algal growth might have on the functioning and stability of coral reefs. However, a comparison of the concentrations of nutrients within the OTIR lagoon with the proposed nutrient threshold concentrations (NTC) for coral reefs suggests that all sites, including the control sites, were saturated with nutrients during ENCORE, and, hence, one would not expect to get any differences between treatments in the algal-growth related measurements. Thus, ENCORE results provide strong support for the proposed NTCs and support the ecological principle that algal productivity and, consequently, the functioning of coral reefs are sensitive to small changes in the background concentrations of nutrients. The principal conclusion of ENCORE, namely that the addition of nutrients did not cause the "pristine" OTIR to convert from coral communities to algal dominated reefs, is contrary to the fact that there was prolific macroalgal growth on the walls and crests of the experimental microatolls by the end of ENCORE. 相似文献
12.
Heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Karasu spring was investigated in the presented study. In this respect, sediment
samples were collected from contaminant sites along the spring starting from the spring water manifestation site, base of
the Akkaya dam to the dam exit site. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Cobalt,
copper, arsenic, tin, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, iron, titan, chromium and manganese contents of the Karasu creek
sediments are found as 18.30–69.00, 12.40–595.0 5.50–345.3, 5.80–15.1, 10.9–64.1, 28.90–103,300, 4.1–356.2, 7.70–37,840, 13,460–109,400,
11,740–62,900, 22.18–59.04, 41.70–369 and 12.09–3,480 mg/kg, respectively. Results indicate the presence of a contamination
in the Karasu creek. All the metal concentrations were found to be exceeding their acceptable limit values. Eutrophication
is developed in the Karasu creek and the Akkaya dam. It is thought that heavy metal accumulation in the creek is originated
from discharge from mine quarries, industrial and domestic wastes. Protection zones should be defined and all necessary measures
must be taken along the Karasu creek. 相似文献
13.
Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A modern lifestyle, alongside the advancement of technology has led to an increase in the amount and type of waste being generated, leading to a waste disposal crisis. This study tackles the problem of the waste that is generated from construction fields, such as demolished concrete, glass, and plastic. In order to dispose of or at least reduce the accumulation of certain kinds of waste, it has been suggested to reuse some of these waste materials to substitute a percentage of the primary materials used in the ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC). The waste materials considered to be recycled in this study consist of glass, plastics, and demolished concrete. Such recycling not only helps conserve natural resources, but also helps solve a growing waste disposal crisis. Ground plastics and glass were used to replace up to 20% of fine aggregates in concrete mixes, while crushed concrete was used to replace up to 20% of coarse aggregates. To evaluate these replacements on the properties of the OPC mixes, a number of laboratory tests were carried out. These tests included workability, unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, and indirect tensile strength (splitting). The main findings of this investigation revealed that the three types of waste materials could be reused successfully as partial substitutes for sand or coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures. 相似文献
14.
Successful remediation of contaminated soils is often limited by the low bioavailability of hydrophobic pollutants, which may slow the process significantly. In this study we investigated the benefits of high temperature in enhancing hydrocarbon degradation rates and evaluated the effect of different biostimulants. Hexadecane polluted soil microcosms with various amendments were incubated both at 60 degrees C and room temperature (18 degrees C) and analyzed periodically up to 40d for the degradation of hydrocarbon and the response of the microbial population. Natural attenuation showed a satisfactory intrinsic degradative capability at 60 degrees C and the addition of inorganic N, P and K increased the degradation rates by 10%. The addition of rhamnolipid biosurfactant further enhanced the bioavailability of alkane to microbial degradation resulting in up to 71% removal at 60 degrees C and 42% at 18 degrees C. Significant input to hexadecane degradation occurred at 60 degrees C (70%) as a result of the bioaugmentation with thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans T80, which did not take place at 18 degrees C. Coupling high temperature to all amendments resulted in 90% removal of the hexadecane from soil after 40d which was also accompanied with an increase in bacterial numbers. The results suggest that thermally enhanced bioremediation may be an efficient technology for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. 相似文献
15.
Vahab Vaezzadeh Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai Zelina Zaiton Ibrahim Shuhaimi Mustafa Mehrzad Keshavarzifard 《Environmental Forensics》2015,16(2):135-142
This article is the most recent report of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Muar River and Pulau Merambong, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 16 priority pollutant PAHs in addition to methylphenanthrene among alkylated PAHs were analyzed in surface sediments during May 2013. Total PAHs ranged from 212 to 440 and 151 to 412 ng g?1 dw in sediments from the Muar River and the Pulau Merambong, respectively. The Muar River showed an increasing trend of PAH concentrations, while no previous data exist for the Pulau Merambong. Generally, mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs with predominance of the latter were detected in the study area. Effective management of oil pollution has caused a drastic decrease in petrogenic sources of PAHs. 相似文献
16.
Kabbash Ibrahim Ali El-Sallamy Rania Mostafa Abdo Sanaa Abd El-Fatah Atalla Asmaa Omar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(30):37565-37571
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To identify level of job satisfaction among physicians at secondary and tertiary care levels. Random sample of 450 secondary and 523 tertiary care... 相似文献
17.
Parveen Fatemeh Rupani Asha Embrandiri Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim Vikram Ghole Chew Tin Lee Madjid Abbaspour 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35805-35810
Several treatment technologies are available for the treatment of palm oil mill wastes. Vermicomposting is widely recognized as efficient, eco-friendly methods for converting organic waste materials to valuable products. This study evaluates the effect of different vermicompost extracts obtained from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm-pressed fiber (PPF) mixtures on the germination, growth, relative toxicity, and photosynthetic pigments of mung beans (Vigna radiata) plant. POME contains valuable nutrients and can be used as a liquid fertilizer for fertigation. Mung bean seeds were sown in petri dishes irrigated with different dilutions of vermicomposted POME-PPF extracts, namely 50, 60, and 70% at varying dilutions. Results showed that at lower dilutions, the vermicompost extracts showed favorable effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and total chlorophyll content in mung bean seedlings, but at higher dilutions, they showed inhibitory effects. The carotenoid contents also decreased with increased dilutions of POME-PPF. This study recommends that the extracts could serve as a good source of fertilizer for the germination and growth enhancement of mung bean seedlings at the recommended dilutions. 相似文献
18.
K. Abdel Tawab M. M. Magida Sayeda M. Ibrahim 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(2):440-446
Blends of water—soluble polymers based on Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been prepared by the
solution casting technique. The effect of various doses of γ-radiation on the structural properties of PVA/PEG polymer blends
with all its compositions has been investigated. From the visual observation of all the blend compositions, it was found that,
the best compatibility of the blend is up to 40% PVA/60%PEG. The structure–Property behavior of all the prepared blends before
and after γ-irradiation was investigated by IR Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties and Scanning
electron microscope (SEM). The gel content and the swelling behavior of the PVA/PEG blends were investigated. It was found
that the gel content increases with increasing irradiation dose and PVA concentration in the blend. Swelling percent increased
as the composition of PEG increased in the blend. The results obtained by FTIR analysis and SEM confirm the existence of possible
interaction between PVA and PEG homopolymers. TGA of PVA/PEG blend, before and after γ-irradiation, showed that the unirradiated
and irradiated PVA/PEG blends are more stable against thermal decomposition than pure PVA. Improvement in tensile mechanical
properties of PVA/PEG blends was occurred. 相似文献
19.
Hassan Hisham Soliman El-Kamash Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Haneen Abdel-Salam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25641-25655
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption... 相似文献
20.
Ahmed M. Reda Ahmed Hamza H. Ali Ibrahim S. Taha Mahmoud G. Morsy 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(1):75-85
In this study, an experimental investigation on the performance of a small-scale residential-size solar-driven adsorption (silica gel-water) cooling system that was constructed at Assiut University campus, Egypt is carried out. As Assiut area is considered as hot, arid climate, field tests for performance assessment of the system operation during the summer season are performed under different environmental operating conditions. The system consists of an evacuated tube with a reflective concentration parabolic surface solar-collector field with a total area of 36 m2, a silica gel-water adsorption chiller of 8 kW nominal cooling capacity, and hot and cold water thermal storage tanks of 1.8 and 1.2 m3 in volume, respectively. The results of summer season field test show that under daily solar insolation varying from 21 to 27 MJ/m2, the solar collectors employed in the system had high and almost constant thermal efficiency. The daily solar-collector efficiency during the period of system operation ranged from about 50% to 78%. The adsorption chiller performance shows that the chiller average daily coefficient of performance (COP) was 0.41 with the average cooling capacity of 4.4 kW when the cooling-water and chilled-water temperatures were about 31°C and 19°C, respectively. As the chiller cooling water is cooled by the cooling tower in the hot arid area, the cooling water is at a higher temperature than the design point of the chiller. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using the city water for cooling. The results show that an enhancement in the chiller COP by 40% and the chilling power by 17% has been achieved when the city water was 27.7°C. 相似文献