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651.
Jaques Reifman Earl E. Feldman Thomas Y.C. Wei Roger W. Glickert 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):240-251
ABSTRACT The application of artificial intelligence techniques for performance optimization of the fuel lean gas reburn (FLGR) system is investigated. A multilayer, feedforward artificial neural network is applied to model static nonlinear relationships between the distribution of injected natural gas into the upper region of the furnace of a coal-fired boiler and the corresponding oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions exiting the furnace. Based on this model, optimal distributions of injected gas are determined such that the largest NOx reduction is achieved for each value of total injected gas. This optimization is accomplished through the development of a new optimization method based on neural networks. This new optimal control algorithm, which can be used as an alternative generic tool for solving multidimensional nonlinear constrained optimization problems, is described and its results are successfully validated against an off-the-shelf tool for solving mathematical programming problems. Encouraging results obtained using plant data from one of Commonwealth Edison's coal-fired electric power plants demonstrate the feasibility of the overall approach. Preliminary results show that the use of this intelligent controller will also enable the determination of the most cost-effective operating conditions of the FLGR system by considering, along with the optimal distribution of the injected gas, the cost differential between natural gas and coal and the open-market price of NOx emission credits. Further study, however, is necessary, including the construction of a more comprehensive database, needed to develop high-fidelity process models and to add carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to the model of the gas reburn system. 相似文献
652.
Optimal control of soybean aphid in the presence of natural enemies and the implied value of their ecosystem services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By suppressing pest populations, natural enemies provide an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agricultural ecosystems systems and potentially mitigates producers' pest control costs. Integrating natural control services into decisions about pesticide-based control has the potential to significantly improve the economic efficiency of pesticide use, with socially desirable outcomes. Two gaps have hindered the incorporation of natural enemies into pest management decision rules: (1) insufficient knowledge of pest and predator population dynamics and (2) lack of a decision framework for the economic tradeoffs among pest control options. Using a new intra-seasonal, dynamic bioeconomic optimization model, this study assesses how predation by natural enemies contributes to profit-maximizing pest management strategies. The model is applied to the management of the invasive soybean aphid, the most significant serious insect threat to soybean production in North America. The resulting lower bound estimate of the value of natural pest control ecosystem services was estimated at $84 million for the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Minnesota in 2005. 相似文献
653.
The Great Western Development Strategy (GWDS) is a long term national campaign aimed at boosting development of the western
area of China and narrowing the economic gap between the western and the eastern parts of China. The Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) procedure was employed to assess the environmental challenges brought about by the western development plans.
These plans include five key developmental domains (KDDs): water resource exploitation and use, land utilization, energy generation,
tourism development, and ecological restoration and conservation. A combination of methods involving matrix assessment, incorporation
of expert judgment and trend analysis was employed to analyze and predict the environmental impacts upon eight selected environmental
indicators: water resource availability, soil erosion, soil salinization, forest destruction, land desertification, biological
diversity, water quality and air quality. Based on the overall results of the assessment, countermeasures for environmental
challenges that emerged were raised as key recommendations to ensure ecological security during the implementation of the
GWDS. This paper is intended to introduce a consensus-based process for evaluating the complex, long term pressures on the
ecological security of large areas, such as western China, that focuses on the use of combined methods applied at the strategic
level. 相似文献
654.
655.
成都市餐厨垃圾产量分析预测及监管体系建设研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
整理汇总了成都市中心城区及郊县餐厨垃圾产生和收运现状,对其产量作出预测;在此基础上提出适合成都市自身情况的餐厨垃圾监管体系构建设想。 相似文献
656.
657.
能源是现代社会发展的重要基础,其在社会经济发展中占有不可替代的地位。以四川省统计年鉴及相关数据资料为基础,参考美国能流图绘制了四川省2010年的能流图,并对四川省2005~2010年间的能源输入、输出、消耗,以及相应的污染物排放进行了分析,分析发现:近年来能源消费总量增长迅速,年均增长率达10.8%,能源对外依存度较高,尤其是石油。能源消耗结构有待进一步优化,传统化石能源所占比重偏高,2010年达77.18%。同时构建了能源-社会经济-环境复合系统能流分析指标,分析了2005~2010年四川省能源、经济、环境两两子系统及三者系统之间的协调度,结果显示:四川省能源-经济-环境系统协调度不断上升,2010年三者综合协调度0.97238。最后根据能流分析、污染物排放水平、协调度分析等结果,提出了四川省能源发展战略、能流的优化管理、节能减排等对策建议。 相似文献
658.
现代节庆活动发展迅速,有效塑造了城市旅游形象,促进了城市旅游业的发展。以苏州国际旅游节为例,对历届苏州国际旅游节进行了初步梳理和分析,利用相关数据,对其产生的旅游经济效应、社会文化效应和环境效应进行了综合评价,认为苏州国际旅游节成功塑造了苏州的城市形象,刺激了苏州旅游业发展,有利于苏州旅游资源的有效整合。当前苏州国际旅游节在运营模式、主题创新和当地居民参与度等方面还存在一些问题,对此进行了思考并提出改进建议,以期更好地发挥苏州国际旅游节的整体旅游效应。 相似文献
659.
660.