全文获取类型
收费全文 | 104篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1篇 |
废物处理 | 20篇 |
环保管理 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
基础理论 | 13篇 |
污染及防治 | 34篇 |
评价与监测 | 4篇 |
社会与环境 | 2篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有104条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
This paper provides a case study of recent work undertaken in Melbourne relating to a mall re-development project. It begins by discussing the nature of shopping centres as sites of consumption and non-commercial social activities. It then describes planning and development strategies that provide innovative and socially progressive interventions in regard to the social, physical and regulatory environments of public malls. The importance of seeing such sites as 'community spaces', of promoting activities on the basis of social inclusion, of creating a safe, convivial atmosphere, and of establishing low-key friendly sorts of mall management, are highlighted. 相似文献
52.
Emmanuel A. Frimpong John G. Lee Trent M. Sutton 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(5):1349-1361
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of cost effectiveness (CE) analysis of vegetative filter strips (VFS) and instream half‐logs as tools for recovering scores on a fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) in the upper Wabash River watershed (UW) in Indiana. Three assumptions were made about recovery time for IBI scores (5,15, and 30 years) and social discount rates (1, 3, and 5 percent), which were tested for sensitivity of the estimated CE ratios. Effectiveness of VFS was estimated using fish IBIs and riparian forest cover from 49 first‐order to fifth‐order stream reaches. Half‐log structures had been installed for approximately two years in the UW prior to the study and provided a basis for estimates of cost and maintenance. Cost effectiveness ratios for VFS decreased from $387 to $277 per 100 m for a 1 percent increase in IBI scores from first‐to fifth‐order streams with 3 percent discount and 30‐year recovery. This cost weighted by proportion of stream orders was $360. The ratio decreased with decreasing time of recovery and discount rate. Based on installation costs and an assumption of equal recovery rates, half‐logs were two‐thirds to one‐half as cost‐effective as VFS. Half‐logs would be a cost‐effective supplement to VFS in low order streams if they can be proven to recover IBI scores faster than VFS do. This study provides baseline data and a framework for planning and determining the cost of stream restoration. 相似文献
53.
D. Fowler M. ODonoghue J. B. A. Muller R. I. Smith U. Dragosits U. Skiba M. A. Sutton P. Brimblecombe 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):9-23
Measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen compounds in air and precipitation in the UK have been made since the mid-19th century, but no networks operating to common protocols and having traceable analytical procedures were established until the 1950s. From 1986 onwards, a high-quality network of sampling stations for precipitation chemistry was established across the UK. In the following decade, monitoring networks provided measurement of NO2, NH3, HNO3 and a satisfactory understanding of the dry deposition process for these gases allowed dry deposition to be quantified. Maps of N deposition for oxidized and reduced compounds at a spatial scale of 5 km × 5 km are available from 1986 to 2000. Between 1950 and 1985, the more limited measurements, beginning with those of the European Air Chemistry Network (EACN) provide a reasonable basis to estimate wet deposition of NO
3
–
–N and NH
4
+
–N. For the first half of the century, estimates of deposition were scaled with emissions assuming a constant relationship between emission and deposition for each of the components of the wet and dry deposition budget at the country scale. Emissions of oxidized N, which dominated total nitrogen emissions throughout the century, increased from 312 kt N annually in 1900 to a peak of 787 kt for the decade 1980–1990 and then declined to 460 kt in 2000. Emissions of reduced N, largely from coal combustion were about 168 kt N in 1900, increasing to a peak of 263 kt N in 2000 and by now dominated by agricultural sources. Reduced N dominated the deposition budget at the country scale, increasing from 163 kt N in 1900 to 211 kt N in 2000, while deposition of oxidized N was 66 kt N in 1900 and 191 kt N in 2000. Over the century, 68 Mt (Tg) of fixed N was emitted within the UK, 78% as NO
x
, while 29 Mt of nitrogen was deposited (43% of emissions), equivalent to 1.2 t N ha–1, on average, with 60% in the reduced form. Deposition to semi-natural ecosystems is approximately 15 Tg N, equivalent to between 1 and 5 t N ha–1, over the century and appears to be accumulating in soil. The N deposition over the century is similar in magnitude to the total soil N inventory in surface horizons. 相似文献
54.
The integrity of the relationship between humanity and nature is fundamental to the health and survival of our species. Humans have always required knowledge and understanding of the planet’s life-supporting systems. Such knowledge and understanding form the basis of ecological literacy which, we suggest, is fundamental to the sustainability of human settlements. An assessment of South Australian adults showed positive correlations between ecological literacy and a number of socio-demographic and psychographic factors. An analysis of the most and least eco-literate individuals within a sample of over 1000 adults revealed significant distinguishing characteristics. Our findings indicate that high ecological literacy is strongly correlated with gender, age, education (and in particular, science-based education), employment status, engagement with nature both as children and adults, growing food, outdoor experiences and lifestyles, growing up in small communities and relational learning. In contrast, low ecological literacy is associated with a different set of socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics such as lower levels of education, growing up in large urban communities, and spending little time outdoors or in natural settings. In addition, perceptions about the major contributors to ecological knowledge and understanding were markedly different within the two groups. These patterns of difference between those with high and low ecological literacy among South Australian adults invite serious consideration for a society that aspires to cultivate an informed citizenry with capacity for making effective environmental decisions. 相似文献
55.
56.
Fowler D. Sutton M. A. Flechard C. Cape J. N. Storeton-West R. Coyle M. Smith R. I. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):39-48
Two years of continuous measurements of SO2deposition fluxes to moorland vegetation are reported. The mean flux of 2.8 ng SO2 m-2 s-1 is regulated predominantly by surface resistance (r
c) which, even for wet surfaces, was seldom smaller than 100 s m-1. The control of surface resistance is shown to be regulated by the ratio of NH3SO2 concentrations with an excess of NH3 generating the small surface resistances for SO2. A dynamic surface chemistry model is used to simulate the effects of NH3 on SO2 deposition flux and is able to capture responses to short-term changes in ambient concentrations of SO2, NH3 and meteorological conditions. The coupling between surface resistance and NH3/SO2 concentration ratios shows that the deposition velocity for SO2 is regulated by the regional pollution climate. Recent long-term SO2 flux measurements in a transect over Europe demonstrate the close link between NH3/SO2 concentrations and rc (SO2). The deposition velocity for SO2 is predicted to have increased with time since the 1970s and imply a 40% increase in v
d at a site at which the annual mean ambient SO2 concentrations declined from 47 to 3 g m-3 between 1973 and 1998. 相似文献
57.
Spatial-Scale Effects on Relative Importance of Physical Habitat Predictors of Stream Health 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A common theme in recent landscape studies is the comparison of riparian and watershed land use as predictors of stream health.
The objective of this study was to compare the performance of reach-scale habitat and remotely assessed watershed-scale habitat
as predictors of stream health over varying spatial extents. Stream health was measured with scores on a fish index of biotic
integrity (IBI) using data from 95 stream reaches in the Eastern Corn Belt Plain (ECBP) ecoregion of Indiana. Watersheds hierarchically
nested within the ecoregion were used to regroup sampling locations to represent varying spatial extents. Reach habitat was
represented by metrics of a qualitative habitat evaluation index, whereas watershed variables were represented by riparian
forest, geomorphology, and hydrologic indices. The importance of reach- versus watershed-scale variables was measured by multiple
regression model adjusted-R2 and best subset comparisons in the general linear statistical framework. Watershed models had adjusted-R2 ranging from 0.25 to 0.93 and reach models had adjusted-R2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.86. Better-fitting models were associated with smaller spatial extents. Watershed models explained
about 15% more variation in IBI scores than reach models on average. Variety of surficial geology contributed to decline in
model predictive power. Results should be interpreted bearing in mind that reach habitat was qualitatively measured and only
fish assemblages were used to measure stream health. Riparian forest and length-slope (LS) factor were the most important
watershed-scale variables and mostly positively correlated with IBI scores, whereas substrate and riffle-pool quality were
the important reach-scale variables in the ECBP. 相似文献
58.
D. Fowler M. O’Donoghue J. B. A. Muller R. I. Smith U. Dragosits U. Skiba M. A. Sutton P. Brimblecombe 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):9-23
Measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen compounds in air and precipitation in the UK have been made since the mid-19th century, but no networks operating to common protocols and having traceable analytical procedures were established until the 1950s. From 1986 onwards, a high-quality network of sampling stations for precipitation chemistry was established across the UK. In the following decade, monitoring networks provided measurement of NO2, NH3, HNO3 and a satisfactory understanding of the dry deposition process for these gases allowed dry deposition to be quantified. Maps of N deposition for oxidized and reduced compounds at a spatial scale of 5 km × 5 km are available from 1986 to 2000. Between 1950 and 1985, the more limited measurements, beginning with those of the European Air Chemistry Network (EACN) provide a reasonable basis to estimate wet deposition of NO? 3?N and NH+ 4?N. For the first half of the century, estimates of deposition were scaled with emissions assuming a constant relationship between emission and deposition for each of the components of the wet and dry deposition budget at the country scale. Emissions of oxidized N, which dominated total nitrogen emissions throughout the century, increased from 312 kt N annually in 1900 to a peak of 787 kt for the decade 1980–1990 and then declined to 460 kt in 2000. Emissions of reduced N, largely from coal combustion were about 168 kt N in 1900, increasing to a peak of 263 kt N in 2000 and by now dominated by agricultural sources. Reduced N dominated the deposition budget at the country scale, increasing from 163 kt N in 1900 to 211 kt N in 2000, while deposition of oxidized N was 66 kt N in 1900 and 191 kt N in 2000. Over the century, 68 Mt (Tg) of fixed N was emitted within the UK, 78% as NO x , while 29 Mt of nitrogen was deposited (43% of emissions), equivalent to 1.2 t N ha?1, on average, with 60% in the reduced form. Deposition to semi-natural ecosystems is approximately 15 Tg N, equivalent to between 1 and 5 t N ha?1, over the century and appears to be accumulating in soil. The N deposition over the century is similar in magnitude to the total soil N inventory in surface horizons. 相似文献
59.
Tokunaga TK Wan J Firestone MK Hazen TC Olson KR Herman DJ Sutton SR Lanzirotti A 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(5):1641-1649
Chromium has become an important soil contaminant at many sites, and facilitating in situ reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to nontoxic Cr(III) is becoming an attractive remediation strategy. Acceleration of Cr(VI) reduction in soils by addition of organic carbon was tested in columns pretreated with solutions containing 1000 and 10 000 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) to evaluate potential in situ remediation of highly contaminated soils. Solutions containing 0,800, or 4000 mg L(-1) organic carbon in the form of tryptic soy broth or lactate were diffused into the Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. Changes in Cr oxidation state were monitored through periodic micro-XANES analyses of soil columns. Effective first-order reduction rate constants ranged from 1.4 x 10(-8) to 1.5 x 10(-7) s(-1), with higher values obtained for lower levels of initial Cr(VI) and higher levels of organic carbon. Comparisons with sterile soils showed that microbially dependent processes were largely responsible for Cr(VI) reduction, except in the soils initially exposed to 10 000 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) solutions that receive little (800 mg L(-1)) or no organic carbon. However, the microbial populations (< or = 2.1 x 10(5) g(-1)) in the viable soils are probably too low for direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction to be important. Thus, synergistic effects sustained in whole soil systems may have accounted for most of the observed reduction. These results show that acceleration of in situ Cr(VI) reduction with addition of organic carbon is possible in even heavily contaminated soils and suggest that microbially dependent reduction pathways can be dominant. 相似文献
60.
Tokunaga TK Wan J Hazen TC Schwartz E Firestone MK Sutton SR Newville M Olson KR Lanzirotti A Rao W 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(2):541-549
Biogeochemical transformations of redox-sensitive chemicals in soils can be strongly transport-controlled and localized. This was tested through experiments on chromium diffusion and reduction in soil aggregates that were exposed to chromate solutions. Reduction of soluble Cr(VI) to insoluble Cr(II) occurred only within the surface layer of aggregates with higher available organic carbon and higher microbial respiration. Sharply terminated Cr diffusion fronts develop when the reduction rate increases rapidly with depth. The final state of such aggregates consists of a Cr-contaminated exterior, and an uncontaminated core, each having different microbial community compositions and activity. Microbial activity was significantly higher in the more reducing soils, while total microbial biomass was similar in all of the soils. The small fraction of Cr(VI) remaining unreduced resides along external surfaces of aggregates, leaving it potentially available to future transport down the soil profile. Using the Thiele modulus, Cr(VI) reduction in soil aggregates is shown to be diffusion rate- and reaction rate-limited in anaerobic and aerobic aggregates, respectively. Thus, spatially resolved chemical and microbiological measurements are necessary within anaerobic soil aggregates to characterize and predict the fate of Cr contamination. Typical methods of soil sampling and analyses that average over redox gradients within aggregates can erase important biogeochemical spatial relations necessary for understanding these environments. 相似文献