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排序方式: 共有264条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
Brooke A. Williams James E.M. Watson Hawthorne L. Beyer Carissa J. Klein Jamie Montgomery Rebecca K. Runting Leslie A. Roberson Benjamin S. Halpern Hedley S. Grantham Caitlin D. Kuempel Melanie Frazier Oscar Venter Amelia Wenger 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13874
Management of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the terrestrial human footprint and marine cumulative human impact maps in a global assessment of the anthropogenic pressures affecting coastal regions. Of coastal regions globally, 15.5% had low anthropogenic pressure, mostly in Canada, Russia, and Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% of coastal regions were heavily affected by humanity, and in most countries (84.1%) >50% of their coastal regions were degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) of protected areas across coastal regions were exposed to high human pressures. To meet global sustainability objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions to preserve and restore the coastal regions within their borders. 相似文献
252.
Tina L. Cheng Jonathan D. Reichard Jeremy T. H. Coleman Theodore J. Weller Wayne E. Thogmartin Brian E. Reichert Alyssa B. Bennett Hugh G. Broders Joshua Campbell Katherine Etchison Daniel J. Feller Richard Geboy Traci Hemberger Carl Herzog Alan C. Hicks Sandra Houghton Jessica Humber Joseph A. Kath R. Andrew King Susan C. Loeb Ariane Massé Katrina M. Morris Holly Niederriter Gerda Nordquist Roger W. Perry Richard J. Reynolds D. Blake Sasse Michael R. Scafini Richard C. Stark Craig W. Stihler Steven C. Thomas Gregory G. Turner Shevenell Webb Bradford J. Westrich Winifred F. Frick 《Conservation biology》2021,35(5):1586-1597
Assessing the scope and severity of threats is necessary for evaluating impacts on populations to inform conservation planning. Quantitative threat assessment often requires monitoring programs that provide reliable data over relevant spatial and temporal scales, yet such programs can be difficult to justify until there is an apparent stressor. Leveraging efforts of wildlife management agencies to record winter counts of hibernating bats, we collated data for 5 species from over 200 sites across 27 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2018 to determine the impact of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a deadly disease of hibernating bats. We estimated declines of winter counts of bat colonies at sites where the invasive fungus that causes WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) had been detected to assess the threat impact of WNS. Three species undergoing species status assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis lucifugus, and Perimyotis subflavus) declined by more than 90%, which warrants classifying the severity of the WNS threat as extreme based on criteria used by NatureServe. The scope of the WNS threat as defined by NatureServe criteria was large (36% of Myotis lucifugus range) to pervasive (79% of Myotis septentrionalis range) for these species. Declines for 2 other species (Myotis sodalis and Eptesicus fuscus) were less severe but still qualified as moderate to serious based on NatureServe criteria. Data-sharing across jurisdictions provided a comprehensive evaluation of scope and severity of the threat of WNS and indicated regional differences that can inform response efforts at international, national, and state or provincial jurisdictions. We assessed the threat impact of an emerging infectious disease by uniting monitoring efforts across jurisdictional boundaries and demonstrated the importance of coordinated monitoring programs, such as the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), for data-driven conservation assessments and planning. 相似文献
253.
Katharine R. E. Sims Jonathan R. Thompson Spencer R. Meyer Christoph Nolte Joshua S. Plisinski 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1035-1044
Land protection, whether public or private, is often controversial at the local level because residents worry about lost economic activity. We used panel data and a quasi-experimental impact-evaluation approach to determine how key economic indicators were related to the percentage of land protected. Specifically, we estimated the impacts of public and private land protection based on local area employment and housing permits data from 5 periods spanning 1990–2015 for all major towns and cities in New England. To generate rigorous impact estimates, we modeled economic outcomes as a function of the percentage of land protected in the prior period, conditional on town fixed effects, metro-region trends, and controls for period and neighboring protection. Contrary to narratives that conservation depresses economic growth, land protection was associated with a modest increase in the number of people employed and in the labor force and did not affect new housing permits, population, or median income. Public and private protection led to different patterns of positive employment impacts at distances close to and far from cities, indicating the importance of investing in both types of land protection to increase local opportunities. The greatest magnitude of employment impacts was due to protection in more rural areas, where opportunities for both visitation and amenity-related economic growth may be greatest. Overall, we provide novel evidence that land protection can be compatible with local economic growth and illustrate a method that can be broadly applied to assess the net economic impacts of protection. 相似文献
254.
255.
Mackie JA Natali SM Levinton JS Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,149(2):141-148
This study examines the effectiveness of remediating a well-recognized case of heavy metal pollution at Foundry Cove (FC), Hudson River, New York. This tidal freshwater marsh was polluted with battery-factory wastes (1953-1979) and dredged in 1994-1995. Eight years after remediation, dissolved and particulate metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Ag) were found to be lower than levels in the lower Hudson near New York City. Levels of metals (Co, Ni, Cd) on suspended particles were comparatively high. Concentrations of surface sediment Cd throughout the marsh system remain high, but have decreased both in the dredged and undredged areas: Cd was 2.4-230mg/kg dw of sediment in 2005 vs. 109-1500mg/kg in the same area in 1983. The rate of tidal export of Cd from FC has decreased by >300-fold, suggesting that dredging successfully stemmed a major source of Cd to the Hudson River. 相似文献
256.
Oruko Richard O. Edokpayi Joshua N. Msagati Titus A.M. Tavengwa Nikita T. Ogola Henry J.O. Ijoma Grace Odiyo John O. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):42135-42149
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To mitigate the negative environmental and public health concerns associated with increased industrial discharges amid the rapid industrial growth,... 相似文献
257.
A Comparative Assessment of Runoff Nitrogen from Turf,Forest, Meadow,and Mixed Landuse Watersheds 下载免费PDF全文
Matthew Bachman Shreeram Inamdar Sue Barton Joshua M. Duke Doug Tallamy Jules Bruck 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(2):397-408
Landscaping paradigms that encourage high‐input, intensively managed and mono‐culture turf/lawn landscapes have raised concerns about water quality. We conducted a watershed‐scale assessment of landscaping practices that included turf, urban, forest, native meadow, and mixed landuse watersheds with a professional golf course and a parking lot. The turf site was moderately managed and had lower fertilizer inputs than those typically used by homeowners and golf courses. Stream water sampling was performed during base flow and storm events. Highest nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations in runoff were observed for the mixed watershed draining the golf course. In contrast, concentrations in base flow from the turf watershed were lower than expected and were comparable to those measured in the surrounding meadow and forest sites. Total nitrogen concentrations from the turf site increased sharply during the first storms following fertilization, suggesting that despite optimal management there exists a risk for nutrient runoff following fertilization. Overall, this study suggests that turf or lawns, when managed properly, pose minimal water quality risk to surface waters. Rate, timing of application, and the type of fertilizer appear to be the key factors affecting water quality. Better education of homeowners and landscaping professionals with regard to these factors may be a cost‐effective strategy to reduce nonpoint source pollution. 相似文献
258.
Joshua Farley David Batker Isabel de la Torre Tom Hudspeth 《Environmental management》2010,45(1):39-51
Humans are rapidly depleting critical ecosystems and the life support functions they provide, increasing the urgency of developing
effective conservation tools. Using a case study of the conversion of mangrove ecosystems to shrimp aquaculture, this article
describes an effort to develop a transdisciplinary, transinstitutional approach to conservation that simultaneously trains
future generations of environmental problem solvers. We worked in close collaboration with academics, non-government organizations,
local government and local communities to organize a workshop in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines. The primary objectives
of the workshop were to: (1) train participants in the basic principles of ecological economics and its goals of sustainable
scale, just distribution and efficient allocation; (2) learn from local community stakeholders and participating scientists
about the problems surrounding conversion of mangrove ecosystems to shrimp aquaculture; (3) draw on the skills and knowledge
of all participants to develop potential solutions to the problem; and (4) communicate results to those with the power and
authority to act on them. We found that the economic and ecological benefits of intact mangroves outweigh the returns to aquaculture.
Perversely, however, private property rights to mangrove ecosystems favor inefficient, unjust and unsustainable allocation
of the resource—a tragedy of the non-commons. We presented the workshop results to the press and local government, which shut
down the aquaculture ponds to conserve the threatened ecosystem. Effective communication to appropriate audiences was essential
for transforming research into action. Our approach is promising and can be readily applied to conservation research and advocacy
projects worldwide, but should be improved through adaptive management—practitioners must continually build on those elements
that work and discard or improve those that fail. 相似文献
259.
David M. Baasch Justin W. Fischer Scott E. Hygnstrom Kurt C. VerCauteren Andrew J. Tyre Joshua J. Millspaugh James W. Merchant Jerry D. Volesky 《Environmental management》2010,46(5):725-737
In recent years, elk have begun recolonizing areas east of the Rocky Mountains that are largely agro-forested ecosystems composed
of privately owned land where management of elk is an increasing concern due to crop and forage depredation and interspecific
disease transmission. We used a Geographic Information System, elk use locations (n = 5013), random locations (n = 25,065), discrete-choice models, and information-theoretic methods to test hypotheses about elk resource selection in an
agro-forested landscape located in the Pine Ridge region of northwestern Nebraska, USA. Our objectives were to determine landscape
characteristics selected by female elk and identify publicly owned land within the Pine Ridge for potential redistribution
of elk. We found distance to edge of cover influenced selection of resources by female elk most and that in areas with light
hunting pressure, such as ours, this selection was not driven by an avoidance of roads. Female elk selected resources positioned
near ponderosa pine cover types during all seasons, exhibited a slight avoidance of roads during spring and fall, selected
areas with increased slope during winter and spring, and selected north- and east-facing aspects over flat areas and areas
with south-facing slopes during winter months. We used our models to identified a potential elk redistribution area that had
a higher proportion of landcover with characteristics selected by elk in our study area than the current herd areas and more
landcover that was publicly owned. With appropriate management plans, we believe elk within the Potential Elk Redistribution
Area would predominantly occupy publicly owned land, which would help minimize crop and forage damage on privately owned lands. 相似文献
260.
The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe_2O_3 and AL_2O_3.The test results indicate that chloride,nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects,and that selenium(Ⅳ)(Se(Ⅳ))and vanadium(Ⅴ)(V(Ⅴ)) showed slight effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3.The results also showed that adsorption of As(Ⅴ)on AL_2O_3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions,but slightly by Se(Ⅳ)and V(Ⅴ)ions.Unlike the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3,that with Fe_2O_3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions.Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.Compared to the other tested anions,phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.In general,Fe_2O_3 has a better performance than Al_2O_3 in removal of As(Ⅴ)within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present. 相似文献