Seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu and its relationships with environmental factors

In order to monitor the changes of Microcystis along with temporal and spatial variations, seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu was investigated by 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (16S-23S rRNA-ITS DGGE) and microscopic evaluation. Samples were collected quarterly at four sites (River Mouth, Meiliang Bay, Cross Area, and Lake Center) from August 2006 to April 2007. Results showed that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance at the four sites in all seasons except winter. The average annual abundance of Microcystis was relatively high at River Mouth and Meiliang Bay, reaching 81.22×106 and 61.32×106 cells/L, respectively. For temporal variations, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') according to DGGE profile revealed the richness of Microcystis in summer (H'=1.375±0.034) and winter (H'=1.650±0.032) was lower than that in spring (H'=2.078±0.031) and autumn (H'=2.365±0.032) (P<0.05). While for spatial variations, the richness of Microcystis at River Mouth (H'=2.015±0.074) was higher than at other sites during four seasons (P<0.01). Very few differences of Microcystis diversity in the same season were observed among the other three sites (P>0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to elucidate the relationships between Microcystis operational taxonomic units (OTUs) composition and the environmental factors. Results of CCA revealed that temperature was strongly positively correlated with the first axis (r=0.963), while TSS was negative correlated with the second axis (r=-0.716). Phylogenetic tree based on the sequencing results of target bands on DGGE gel indicated that samples collected in summer and winter constituted two separated clusters.     

太湖不同湖区蓝藻细胞裂解速率的空间差异

2009年在太湖蓝藻水华形成初期(五月)、盛发期(九月)和衰亡期(十月和十一月),运用基于颗粒态酯酶,溶解性酯酶以及酯酶衰变常数测定的酯酶活性方法对不同湖区(藻型和草型湖区)蓝藻的细胞裂解速率进行了计算,在测定颗粒态酯酶、溶解性酯酶活性时,同步分析了太湖优势种群中蓝藻叶绿素a的含量.统计分析结果表明,叶绿素a的浓度与颗粒态酯酶、溶解性酯酶活性有很好的相关性,说明以酯酶活性为指标来计算太湖蓝藻细胞裂解速率是可行的.对不同湖区的细胞裂解速率进行比较,可见湖心和西太湖在蓝藻水华形成初期细胞裂解速率分别为0.072,0.048d-1.水华盛发期以及水华衰亡期,湖心和西太湖的细胞裂解速率分别为0.074～0.770d-1,0.014～0.110d-1.太湖湖心磷酸盐浓度比西太湖低,所以蓝藻生长速率慢,导致细胞裂解速率比西太湖高.但是,在梅梁湾和贡湖,衰亡末期磷酸盐浓度比其它月份高,细胞裂解速率也高.4个采样点在衰亡末期的细胞裂解速率比水华形成初期,暴发期和衰亡初期要高,可能的原因是气温和水体温度下降导致蓝藻生长速度减慢.本研究结果表明,太湖蓝藻细胞裂解速率有明显的空间差异,其具体的影响因素很多,营养盐只是其中一个.     

太湖梅梁湾有机污染物对纤细裸藻（Euglena gracilis）的遗传毒性效应

采用GC-MS方法分析了太湖梅梁湾水样的主要有机污染物成分和含量,共检测出15种目标化合物,表明该区域水体已经受到有机物污染;纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)在低浓度浓缩水样处理下(1倍组)生长无显著影响,叶绿素a、b含量和类胡萝卜素含量比对照组显著增加,而高浓度下(5倍和10倍组)生长明显受到抑制,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量呈下降趋势;抗氧化酶系统中SOD和POD活性呈上升趋势,显示有机污染物胁迫可诱导抗氧化酶活性;彗星试验中,Olive尾矩和尾动量增加,纤细裸藻细胞DNA损伤程度随着太湖水样污染物浓度增加而加重,呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系,提示太湖梅梁湾水样具有潜在致突变性.结果表明,慧星试验和SOD活性试验结合使用在水环境中的遗传毒性监测方面具有较大的应用价值,适合作为水体有机污染监测的生物标志物.     

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the hydrogen yield and population of Clostridium in hydrogen fermentation of glucose

The conversion of glucose to hydrogen was evaluated using continuous stirred tank reactor at pH 5.5 with various hydraulic retention times (HRT) at 30°C. Furthermore, the population dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria was surveyed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using probe Clost IV targeting the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA. It was clear that positive correlation was observed between the cells quantified with probe Clost IV and hydrogen yield of the respective sludge. The numbers of hydrog...     

危险源与事故原因关系及危险源分类研究

为更全面准确地识别危险源,本文参考美国国防部系统安全标准等文献,深入分析危险源与事故原因的关系,然后依据事故致因模型分析危险源的分类和内容,最后结合安全评价实践,确定组织范围内的危险源识别方法.研究表明:危险源和事故原因的含义和分类是等同的;借助事故致因模型可得到危险源的分类、具体内容和识别方法.此研究可更全面、准确、方便地以组织为范围识别危险源,为事故预防工作提供良好途径.     

基于ARIMA和XGBoost组合模型的交通事故预测

近年来交通事故及其损失严重影响社会经济的发展和人民生活的提高,交通事故预测可以为交通事故预防提供数据支持。基于自回归滑动平均(ARIMA)模型和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)模型,构建时间序列组合预测模型,对交通事故相关指标进行趋势预测。根据交通事故的特点,选定"事故起数""受伤人数""死亡人数"及"损失"4个指标。首先,根据自相关、偏自相关图确定ARIMA模型参数,根据AIC(赤池信息准则)值确定最终模型;然后,对4个指标的ARIMA模型预测结果的残差构建残差序列,对其进行XGBoost建模,得出修正后的残差预测值;最后,根据残差预测值和ARIMA模型预测值得出组合模型最终的预测值。实例结果表明,4项指标的混合预测模型的预测精度均优于单一的ARIMA模型和Holt-winters模型,其中以"受伤人数"和"死亡人数"的模型改善效果最为显著,"受伤人数"指标的平均绝对百分比误差降低了5.431 7个百分点,"死亡人数"指标的平均绝对百分比误差降低了3.625 9个百分点。     

五种土壤吸附喹乙醇特性的研究

用振荡平衡法研究了喹乙醇在东北黑土、常熟水稻土、陕西潮土、南京黄棕壤和江西红壤中吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,喹乙醇在5种土壤中的吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行良好的线性拟合.其吸附系数KF很小,分别为2.813,1.740,0.446,0.309和0.201,显示很难被土壤吸附.其KF与土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量呈良好的相关性.而与土壤pH值及黏粒含量相关性较差.温度和离子强度均对喹乙醇在土壤中的吸附有一定影响,较低的温度和离子强度均有利于土壤对喹乙醇的吸附.     

秸秆生物质环境材料的制备及对水中多环芳烃的处理性能

300～700℃下热解炭化黄豆、芝麻、玉米秸秆8h,制备了秸秆生物质环境材料,测定了秸秆生物质环境材料的BET比表面积及其对亚甲基蓝和碘的吸附能力.以多环芳烃(PAHs)为目标污染物,探讨了生物质环境材料对水中单一和复合PAHs的吸附性能.结果表明,随热解温度升高,秸秆生物质环境材料比表面积增大,其对亚甲基蓝、碘的吸附...     

镁铝LDH制备表征及吸附磷酸根离子的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备碳酸型及硝酸型Mg-Al-LDH(层状双氢氧化物)粉体,并对两种不同阴离子的LDH样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)及红外光谱表征;又将其作为吸附剂,对水中磷酸根离子的去除性能进行了系统研究。实验结果表明,两种LDH的晶体结构基本相似;其对废水中磷酸根离子具有很好的去除效果,且碳酸型LDH除磷效果更佳。通过对模拟废水及实际废水进行吸附实验,得到了LDH除磷的最佳条件。镁铝LDH在废水除磷方面具有较好的应用前景。