建立钢丝绳断丝信号数据库的探讨

钢丝绳是提升、运输及牵引设备中的重要构件,钢丝绳断丝直接影响钢丝绳的强度,霍尔元件的漏磁通法可检测钢丝绳断丝根数和位置。整个系统由检测传感器、漏磁传感器、速度传感器、位移传感器等,数据采集、处理、分析系统,工控机等组成。钢丝绳断丝数据库的主要内容有检测信号的峰值、阈值波宽、钢丝绳直径、钢丝直径等7个基本因素。     

重庆市骨架公路网规划生态环境影响评价

战略环境评价作为一种促进可持续发展的重要工具,已经得到了广泛的关注。以重庆市骨架公路网规划生态环境影响评价为例,探讨一种基于规划路网与生态要素空间关系的评价方法。将评价要素分为两类,运用地理信息技术识别出规划路网对4种生态组分影响较大的地区和直接受规划路网影响的自然保护区,做出了空间分布图,并针对存在的问题给出了建议和对策,为合理设计和布设路网提供了依据。提出的基于空间位置关系的评价方法将会促进路网规划环境影响评价的开展。     

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.     

Removal of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from sediment by oxygen free pyrolysis

Few studies have dealt on the evaluation of volatilization and decomposition reactions of dioxins from sediment by oxygen free pyrolysis. In this study, the performance of pyrolysis on the removal of dioxins from sediment was investigated. Dioxin concentrations of the raw sediment and the solid residues after pyrolysis were analyzed at different conditions. Results showed a removal efficiency of 99.9999% for total dioxins at 800℃ and retention time of 30 min. All the polychlorinated dibenzo-furans （PCDFs） have been removed and were not formed in the solid residues at the retention time range of 30-90 min at 800℃. Close to 100% removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） was also achieved. Only trace PCDDs were detected in the solid yields at a retention time of 60 min. The highest removal efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） was more than 99.9994% at a retention time of 30 min. During cooling period following pyrolysis, however, the concentration of total dioxins in solid residues increased 130 times as compared to that of the raw sediment under air atmosphere. This confirmed that some complex reactions do occur to form PCDD/Fs and PCBs from 800 to 400℃ in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen-free atmosphere therefore can prevent formation of dioxin during thermal process thus generating clean solid residues.     

综合应急救援能力描述理论架构及提升内容研究

基于代数这一数学工具,该文创新建立综合应急救援能力描述理论架构,包括面向自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生、社会安全等灾种建立的救援灾害轴,面向村、社区、街道(镇)、区(县、市)、市、省等区域建立的救援区域轴,面向准备、响应、处置、保障、善后等时间建立的救援时间轴,由此构成综合应急救援能力描述三维坐标系;在此基础上,抽象出应...     

云南某冶炼废渣堆渗滤液产生及其影响因素研究

渗滤液作为渣堆对周边水土的主要污染源,是污染场地原位风险管控的关键对象。云南某历史遗留冶炼废渣堆出现了渗滤液产生量少、空间分布位置有限的特殊现象。为研究该冶炼废渣堆渗滤液产生的控制条件和影响因素,基于详细勘察和野外现场调查试验结果,构建了渣体包气带水文地质概念模型,并结合HYDRUS软件分析了不同条件下渣体包气带的水分变化。结果表明：该厚层渣体包气带水分运移深度有限,正常降雨条件下该渣体产生渗滤液的临界深度为8.8 m;暴雨条件下熔炼渣相较于石膏渣和生活垃圾更易产生渗滤液;渣体包气带越厚、初始体积含水率越低、渣体物质组成及其结构越复杂、覆土层越厚的条件下,渣体越难产生渗滤液。该研究结果对我国类似冶炼废渣堆原位风险管控处置具有重要的参考价值。     

5种水培蔬菜对金属元素富集水平研究

检测分析了5种水培蔬菜中4种常量金属元素、18种稀有金属元素以及10种重金属元素含量,并与对照组陆生蔬菜金属元素含量进行比较,评价水培蔬菜的食用安全性。结果表明,污染水体中水培蔬菜的金属元素富集水平是不同的。常量金属元素平均富集系数为2~150倍;稀有元素平均富集量总体上高于陆生蔬菜;重金属元素富集系数大多在10倍左右,与陆生蔬菜重金属元素含量相比,两者均在同一水平,低于国家2001年10月1日执行的蔬菜农产品安全质量标准。     

数学统计方法在公路降噪措施中的应用

基于交通噪声影响的复杂性,提出将层次分析法和加权系统聚类法应用于公路环保设计降噪措施的决策中,有效避免了人为主观因素的片面性.选取3个反映交通噪声影响程度的指标并予以量化,采用层次分析法和加权系统聚类法对各个受噪声影响的环境敏感点按影响程度进行排序及归类,在时间及资金有限的情况下,实现降噪措施的优化设计及资金的有效使用.     

基于多群组结构方程模型的大学生校园节水行为影响因素研究

本文从计划行为理论入手,并引入水资源认知和情感作为调节变量,构建大学生校园节水行为影响因素研究的理论框架,考察大学生校园节水行为影响因素。通过对在校大学生进行问卷调查,构建结构方程模型,进行多群组分析和调节效应分析,得出如下结论：节水态度和知觉行为控制正向影响节水意识,主观规范没有呈现显著性;节水意识和知觉行为控制正向影响节水行为;性别和成长环境在节水行为的影响过程中起到显著调节作用;水资源情感正向调节节水意识到节水行为路径。最后,根据结论针对性地提出建议,为提高大学生节水意识、促进节水行为及建设节水型高校提供理论借鉴和政策参考。     

加强导游员生态环保知识策略研究

本文根据目前我国导游员的实际情况,结合旅游可持续发展的需要,分析了导游员在旅游环境保护中新的角色定位,并就如何提高导游员的生态环保知识提出了合理的建议。