Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

Zeolite powder addition to improve the performance of submerged gravitation-filtration membrane bioreactor

In this study, the effect of zeolite powder addition on submerged membrane bioreactor （SMBR） on membrane permeability, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN were investigated. Through the parallel operation of control and test systems, it was found that the zeolite powder addition could alleviate the ultra-filtration membrane fouling and enhance the membrane permeability. On the basis of experimental investigations, a concept of ＂protection coating layer＂ was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of UF membrane fouling. In addition, the removal for COD in test system was more stable, a little higher compared to the control system. Due to the combination of nitrification and ion exchange, a more excellent removal for NH3-N in test system was obtained regardless of influent NH3-N loading rate. It was also found that a mean 25% higher TN removal took place in the test system, and ion exchange and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification were analyzed to be main factors. During the stable operation period, the SOURs of test zeolite powder added sludge and control activated sludge were measured to be 75 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） and 24 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） respectively, it meant that the zeolite powder addition could enhance the microorganism activity significantly.     

Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.     

黄河三角洲自然保护区国土空间变化遥感监测与评价

为了解人类活动对黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区生态环境的影响,利用2000年至2019年的卫星影像数据,分析了黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年来土地利用的变化情况,并利用开发干扰指数定量分析了土地利用变化对自然保护区的影响。得出主要结论如下:黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年土地利用变化明显,草地、耕地和未利用地等土地利用面积下降,而建设用地（城乡居民点、工矿用地）和水域湿地等面积增加。变化面积占自然保护区总面积的47.0%,减少的草地和耕地等主要转为建设用地、水域湿地,主要表现为实验区内盐田和养殖塘面积的增加。2000年以来黄河三角洲自然保护区开发干扰指数逐年增大,2005年之前人类活动干扰相对轻微;2005年至2016年人类活动干扰剧烈,自然保护区开发干扰指数增加迅速,以盐田和养殖塘的开发为主要影响因素;2016年后自然保护区的监督管理力度加大,开发干扰指数趋于稳定。人类活动干扰呈现从轻微到剧烈再到稳定的过程。     

丛枝菌根真菌在矿区生态环境修复中应用及其作用效果

针对煤矿区生态环境修复中存在的主要问题,研究丛枝菌根真菌与紫穗槐共生状况,丛枝菌根真菌对紫穗槐根系发育的影响及其对煤炭开采塌陷区退化土壤的改良效应.结果表明,接种菌根5个月后,接种丛枝菌根促进紫穗槐地上部分和根系生长,提高了紫穗槐根系侵染率;接种区紫穗槐根际土壤中球囊霉素、易提取球囊霉素含量显著增加;接种菌根提高了紫穗槐根际土壤有效磷和有机质含量,微生物数量明显提高,取得较好的菌根生态效应.接种菌根有利于对矿区根际土壤的改良,促进了矿区生态系统稳定,对维持矿区生态系统的持续性具有重要意义.     

城市生物多样性问题及保护对策探讨

结合秦皇岛市的实际,对城市生物多样性现状和特点、生物多样性保护存在的问题进行了讨论,并提出了城市生物多样性保护的对策。      

地下空间向下增层既有-新增双层排桩支护结构鲁棒稳定性研究∗

以既有建筑物地下空间向下增层改造为背景,通过物理模型试验和有限元数值计算的方法对基坑开挖过程中既有?新增双层排桩支护结构鲁棒稳定性进行了分析研究。结果表明：既有支护结构的破坏过程是循序渐进的, 失稳破坏前会发生预警现象,最先发生失稳破坏的地方是随机产生的,这体现了基坑工程施工过程中不确定因素对支护结构变形有较大的影响。既有支护桩与两排桩之间土体的作用类似于重力式挡土墙,开挖至极限开挖深度时二者发生整体式倾覆破坏。既有支护结构失稳破坏时,滑裂面从开挖面附近开始穿过排间土体沿新增支护桩延伸至土体表面。基坑边坡中部滑裂面的影响范围最大,坑角位置处滑裂面的影响范围最小。既有支护桩排局部失稳破坏对支护体系鲁棒稳定性的影响较小,既有支护桩排整体失稳破坏对支护体系鲁棒稳定性的影响较大。     

生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的应用研究进展

随着工业和农业的快速发展,环境污染日益严重,对生态安全和人体健康形成严重威胁.微生物修复是一种低价、绿色和易操作的技术,但微生物对高浓度污染物耐性低,造成修复效果差和周期长.由于生物炭的孔隙率高、官能团丰富和比表面积大,被认为是一种良好的吸附剂和固定化载体.通过微生物固定化技术将菌群定殖于生物炭上而制备生物炭固定化菌复合材料,结合了二者优势又克服菌群的缺点,展现了巨大的应用前景.通过系统论述生物炭固定化菌复合材料的制备方法和特征,评价生物炭固定化菌复合材料在环境修复中的效能,讨论环境因素对生物炭固定化菌复合材料去除水中污染物和修复污染土壤的效果影响,阐明生物炭固定化菌复合材料对废水处理与土壤修复的作用机制.     

基于“弓弦箭模型”的地区公共卫生风险测度与评价

为评估我国各地区的公共卫生风险,基于"弓弦箭模型",从划分功能性指标和标志性指标入手,构建公共卫生风险评价指标体系。运用SPSS软件,对指标数据进行主成分分析,测度中国内地31个省区市的公共卫生风险指数,找出影响公共卫生安全的最主要因子,研究了我国各省市公共卫生风险的排序及地区发展不平衡的特征,并为我国公共卫生安全较高风险和高风险地区改善安全状况提供启示意义。结果表明卫生资源和经济因子、婴幼保健因子和传染病控制因子是影响公共卫生风险的最主要因子,中西部地区公共卫生风险较高。     

聊古─1井水氡模糊分维值的变化与地震的关系

利用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法 ,处理了山东聊古 1井水氡 1 0多年来的观测资料 ,找出了水氡模糊分维值的 3次较大变化与相应 3次地震的关系。在这 3次地震前水氡模糊分维值都出现明显地小于 0 5 7的低值异常变化。这可能反映了系统在较大地震前的明显降维特征