化学品风险管理的社会经济影响分析方法学构建

社会经济影响分析(SEA)用于评估某项活动所带来的多方面影响,是公共管理决策尤其是环境管理决策的重要步骤。随着化学品环境和健康风险问题日益受到关注以及国际化学品管理进程的不断推进,SEA在科学制定化学品风险管理方案和国际履约决策中发挥着日益重要的作用。我国作为化学品生产和使用规模庞大的发展中国家,更应研究并有效开展SEA。文章综合考虑化学品风险管理的SEA相关国际导则、评估案例和我国化学品管理的基础国情,系统分析了化学品风险管理SEA的基本概念、构成、特点和步骤,并结合《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》拟议新增受控物质——六溴环十二烷的案例,构建出一套系统、可操作的SEA方法,以期为我国化学品风险管理决策、国际履约及相关研究提供参考。     

Site location optimization of regional air quality monitoring network in China: methodology and case study

Regional air quality monitoring networks (RAQMN) are urgently needed in China due to increasing regional air pollution in city clusters, arising from rapid economic development in recent decades. This paper proposes a methodological framework for site location optimization in designing a RAQMN adapting to air quality management practice in China. The framework utilizes synthetic assessment concentrations developed from simulated data from a regional air quality model in order to simplify the optimal process and to reduce costs. On the basis of analyzing various constraints such as cost and budget, terrain conditions, administrative district, population density and spatial coverage, the framework takes the maximum approximate degree as an optimization objective to achieve site location optimization of a RAQMN. An expert judgment approach was incorporated into the framework to help adjust initial optimization results in order to make the network more practical and representative. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of the framework, indicating that it is feasible to conduct site optimization for a RAQMN design in China. The effects of different combinations of primary and secondary pollutants on site location optimization were investigated. It is suggested that the network design considering both primary and secondary pollutants could better represent regional pollution characteristics and more extensively reflect temporal and spatial variations of regional air quality. The work shown in this study can be used as a reference to guide site location optimization of a RAQMN design in China or other regions of the world.     

2000-2009年鄂南丘陵山区耕地集约利用变化分析

耕地集约利用是可持续发展的必然要求.从耕地集约利用内涵入手,通过构建耕地利用集约度的评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法对鄂南丘陵山区2000-2009年耕地集约利用进行了评价,并对耕地集约利用变化原因进行了分析.结果表明,10年间鄂南丘陵耕地的集约利用程度呈波动上升的趋势.目前阻碍鄂南丘陵山区耕地集约利用的因素主要为农田水利投入不足,占用耕地严重等,因此应加强耕地保护力度,积极进行耕地整治,加强水利基础设施建设,建立耕地环境质量安全体系.     

灰色关联层次法在脱硫工艺评价中的应用研究

分析了已被广泛应用于烟气脱硫(FGD)工艺评价中的模糊综合评价法的缺点,提出灰色关联层次法进行FGD综合评价的理论,研究解决评价指标难以准确量化和统计的问题,排除人为因素带来的影响.探讨了从环保性能、经济性能、技术性能和系统适应性能4个方面综合评价FGD工艺,由4个一级评价指标和18个二级评价指标构成了FGD评价指标体系.建立灰色评价模型,计算关联系数,用层次分析法确定权重系数,通过加权求和完成灰色判断,根据最大关联度原则选取最优FGD工艺.并以典型的5种FGD工艺针对A电厂进行实际计算,比较了灰色关联层次分析法和模糊综合评价法的评价过程及结论,认为灰色关联层次分析法评价结果与实际相符.     

Interfacial-engineered CoTiO3-based composite for photocatalytic applications: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Photocatalysis is a green chemical process that could partly solve energy and pollution issues. Catalysts such as cobalt titanate, CoTiO3, have intrigued...     

江西赣南数字地震台网JOPENS系统常用地震定位方法比较

利用JOPENS系统提供单纯型法、Hypo2000、HypoSAT等地震定位方法,对赣南台网记录的赣南境内、赣粤闽交界区、中国台湾地震分别进行定位、比较,并分别提出适合赣南台网的地震定位方法.     

Bridging the sanitation gap between disaster relief and development

By interpreting disasters as opportunities to initiate the fulfilment of development needs, realise the vulnerability of the affected community and environment, and extend the legacy of relief funds and effort, this paper builds upon the concept linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in the sanitation sector. It aims to use a composite of case studies to devise a framework for a semi‐hypothetical scenario to identify critical components and generic processes for a LRRD action plan. The scenario is based on a latrine wetland sanitation system in a Muslim community. Several sub‐frameworks are developed: (i) latrine design; (ii) assessment of human waste treatment; (iii) connective sanitation promotion strategy; and (iv) ecological systems and environmental services for sanitation and development. This scenario illustrates the complex issues involved in LRRD in sanitation work and provides technical notes and references for a legacy plan for disaster relief and development.