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471.
Dayana Moscardi dos Santos Gustavo Souza Santos Marta Margarete Cestari Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro Helena Cristina Silva de Assis Flavia Yamamoto Izonete Cristina Guiloski Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi Rosalinda Carmela Montone 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3166-3174
The toxicity of butyltin compounds (BTs), mainly tributyltin (TBT), has been reported in different organisms. However, such an analysis in fish after field exposure with reference to the related biomarkers has not been commonly observed in the literature. This study presents the uptake of BTs in the liver of a neotropical marine catfish Cathorops spixii in Paranagua Bay, an important estuarine system located in southern Brazil. Two different areas, close to and distant from the harbor, were used for chemical analysis evaluation of hepatotoxicity through genetic, enzymatic, and histopathological biomarkers. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bile was also considered as a biomarker. The results showed a significant relationship between TBT levels and the inhibition of biotransformation enzymes and high occurrence of melanomacrophages in fish collected close to the harbor site. These effects were linked to the absence of TBT metabolites in the liver. In the second site, the presence of DBT was associated with an increase in EROD and GST activity. The larger amount of DNA damage as well as the highest oxidative stress was noted in fish from the less TBT-polluted area, where DBT and bile PAHs occurred. These findings showed different impact levels due to or increased by the chronic exposure of biota to BTs. 相似文献
472.
Environmental information sharing: a means to support the legitimization of oyster farmers’ stewardship over water quality management in NSW,Australia 下载免费PDF全文
Nicolas Paget Katherine Anne Daniell Ana Rubio Zuazo Olivier Barreteau 《Natural resources forum》2016,40(1-2):21-36
Oyster farmers depend on good water quality. Activities upstream from estuaries result in externalities that impact water quality. Over the last 10 years, oyster farmers have been developing estuary‐wide environmental management systems ( EMSs ) to tackle internal (i.e. industry‐related) and external (i.e. catchment) issues in N ew S outh W ales, A ustralia. Drawing on interview‐based research and document analyses, this paper shows that the process of creating an EMS for the oyster industry, as well as the creation of the EMS itself, resulted in legitimizing the industry's stewardship over the natural resource it depends on (water). For the oyster industry, this result was due to a change in the scale on which EMSs have been developed: instead of viewing issues at the individual business level, the systems expanded their viewpoint to the entire catchment, and included every oyster business in the estuary, as well as all other activities in the upper catchment. By providing a means of communicating internal efforts and with the support of local government bodies, EMSs provided a mechanism with which influence over upstream actors and activities could be exerted. We demonstrate this by using the ‘social‐ecological systems’ and ‘ ENCORE ’ frameworks, emphasizing the transitions that allowed for this change of scale to take place. 相似文献
473.
Katherine Nanzetta Jessica M. Utts 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):459-467
ABSTRACT The emissions factor modeling component of the motor vehicle emissions inventory (MVEI) modeling suite is currently being revised by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). One of the proposed changes in modeling philosophy is a shift from using link-based travel activity data to trip-based travel data for preparing mobile emissions inventories. Also as part of the revisions, new speed correction factors (SCFs) will be developed by CARB for the revised model. The new SCFs will be derived from vehicle emissions on 15 new driving cycles, each constructed to represent a typical trip at a specific average speed. This paper discusses how the new SCFs will affect transportation conformity and emissions inventory development, and evaluates the differences in total emissions produced by trip-based and link-based distributions of speed and vehicle miles of travel (VMT). We simulated both link-based and trip-based speed-VMT distributions using travel data from the Sacramento and San Diego travel demand models. On the basis of the simulation results, there is reason to expect that mobile emissions inventories constructed using the proposed trip-based philosophy will differ markedly from those constructed in the current manner. Noting that results may vary by region, increases are expected in the CO and HC inventory levels, with concomitant decreases in the NOx mobile emissions inventories. 相似文献
474.
Luis A. Cifuentes Jeanette Vega Katherine Köpfer Lester B. Lave 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1287-1298
ABSTRACT Daily counts of non-accidental deaths in Santiago, Chile, from 1988 to 1996 were regressed on six air pollutants— fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM10–2.5), CO, SO2, NO2, and O3. Controlling for seasonal and meteorological conditions was done using three different models— a generalized linear model, a generalized additive model, and a generalized additive model on previously filtered data. Single- and two-pollutant models were tested for lags of 1-5 days and the average of the previous 2-5 days. The increase in mortality associated with the mean levels of air pollution varied from 4 to 11%, depending on the pollutants and the way season of the year was considered. The results were not sensitive to the modeling approaches, but different effects for warmer and colder months were found. Fine particles were more important than coarse particles in the whole year and in winter, but not in summer. NO2 and CO were also significantly associated with daily mortality, as was O3 in the warmer months. No consistent effect was observed for SO2. Given particle composition in Santiago, these results suggest that combustion-generated pollutants, especially from motor vehicles, may be associated with increased mortality. Temperature was closely associated with mortality. High temperatures led to deaths on the same day, while low temperatures lead to deaths from 1 to 4 days later. 相似文献
475.
Aiding multi-level decision-making processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Katherine A. Daniell María A. Máñez Costa Nils Ferrand Ashley B. Kingsborough Peter Coad Irina S. Ribarova 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):243-258
Progress towards climate change aware regional sustainable development is affected by actions at multiple spatial scales and
governance levels and equally impacts actions at these scales. Many authors and policy practitioners consider therefore that
decisions over policy, mitigation strategies and capacity for adaptation to climate change require construction and coordination
over multiple levels of governance to arrive at acceptable local, regional and global management strategies. However, how
such processes of coordination and decision-aiding can occur and be maintained and improved over time is a major challenge
in need of investigation. We take on this challenge by proposing research-supported methods of aiding multi-level decision-making
processes in this context. Four example regionally focussed multi-level case studies from diverse socio-political contexts
are outlined—estuarine management in Australia’s Lower Hawkesbury, flood and drought management in Bulgaria’s Upper Iskar
Basin, climate policy integration in Spain’s Comunidad Valenciana and food security in Bangladesh’s Faridpur District—from
which insights are drawn. Our discussion focuses on exploring these insights including: (1) the possible advantages of informal
research-supported processes and specifically those that provide individual arenas of participation for different levels of
stakeholders; (2) the complexity of organisation processes required for aiding multi-level decision-making processes; and
(3) to what extent progress towards integrated regional policies for climate change aware sustainable development can be achieved
through research-supported processes. We finish with a speculative section that provides ideas and directions for future research. 相似文献
476.
Machado W Rodrigues AP Bidone ED Sella SM Santelli RE 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):1033-1036
Purpose
Metal bioavailability-based sediment quality analysis, inferred from geochemical partitioning data, may contribute to improve sediment management policies. This is important because decision-making processes should not give similar priorities to sediments offering contrasting environmental risks associated to metal bioavailability. However, current uses of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) as interpretive tools to support decisions about dredging-related activities have not considered the changes in metal bioavailability upon sediment resuspension. 相似文献477.
Victoria Hemming Abbey E. Camaclang Megan S. Adams Mark Burgman Katherine Carbeck Josie Carwardine Iadine Chadès Lia Chalifour Sarah J. Converse Lindsay N. K. Davidson Georgia E. Garrard Riley Finn Jesse R. Fleri Jacqueline Huard Helen J. Mayfield Eve McDonald Madden Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis Hugh P. Possingham Libby Rumpff Michael C. Runge Daniel Stewart Vivitskaia J. D. Tulloch Terry Walshe Tara G. Martin 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13868
Biodiversity conservation decisions are difficult, especially when they involve differing values, complex multidimensional objectives, scarce resources, urgency, and considerable uncertainty. Decision science embodies a theory about how to make difficult decisions and an extensive array of frameworks and tools that make that theory practical. We sought to improve conceptual clarity and practical application of decision science to help decision makers apply decision science to conservation problems. We addressed barriers to the uptake of decision science, including a lack of training and awareness of decision science; confusion over common terminology and which tools and frameworks to apply; and the mistaken impression that applying decision science must be time consuming, expensive, and complex. To aid in navigating the extensive and disparate decision science literature, we clarify meaning of common terms: decision science, decision theory, decision analysis, structured decision-making, and decision-support tools. Applying decision science does not have to be complex or time consuming; rather, it begins with knowing how to think through the components of a decision utilizing decision analysis (i.e., define the problem, elicit objectives, develop alternatives, estimate consequences, and perform trade-offs). This is best achieved by applying a rapid-prototyping approach. At each step, decision-support tools can provide additional insight and clarity, whereas decision-support frameworks (e.g., priority threat management and systematic conservation planning) can aid navigation of multiple steps of a decision analysis for particular contexts. We summarize key decision-support frameworks and tools and describe to which step of a decision analysis, and to which contexts, each is most useful to apply. Our introduction to decision science will aid in contextualizing current approaches and new developments, and help decision makers begin to apply decision science to conservation problems. 相似文献
478.
Samara Teixeira Pereira Elisngela Maria Rodrigues Rocha Elson Santos da Silva Giulia Beatriz Mota da Silva Maria Luisa Palitot Remigio Alves 《环境质量管理》2020,29(3):43-49
The present work investigated color and biochemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from treated landfill leachate via advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) artificially emitted. The AOP H2O2/UV, TiO2/UV, and photolysis were tested in two bench‐scale photoreactors: The first one with UV‐C lamp and the other with UV‐A lamp associated or not with coagulation / flocculation pretreatment. Crude leachate samples with pH ranging from 8 to 3 were used, and time varied in 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Experiments were performed in two stages: step 1 with a 20 mL volume from each sample and step 2 with repetition of the best results from the previous step, adopting the 150 mL volume. In step 1, the AOP applied in the crude leachate sample showed the best results, standing out H2O2/UV‐C with 30 minutes and TiO2/UV‐A with 60 minutes. In step 2, H2O2/UV‐C had a 60% color removal and 25% COD reduction, while TiO2/UV‐A had a 10% color removal and 20% COD reduction. Therefore, the H2O2/UV‐C process was the most efficient, because the complex characteristics of the effluent interfered in the TiO2/UV‐A efficiency, but it is necessary to eliminate the process interferences. The use of artificial radiation is a viable alternative; however, it can be costly, being relevant in the associations between processes with artificial UV and solar UV, as the natural radiation becomes more attractive and allows the process operating costs reduction. 相似文献
479.
Silveira Miranda Jefferson Eduardo de Melo Fabiano Rodrigues Keichi Umetsu Ricardo 《Environmental management》2020,65(4):565-573
Environmental Management - Understand the spatial distribution of wildlife roadkill is necessary to design mitigation measures minimizing damage to the fauna and the human population. Thus, we... 相似文献
480.
Barreira LP Philippi Junior A Rodrigues MS Tenório JA 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(8):1417-1422
Nowadays the composting process has shown itself to be an alternative in the treatment of municipal solid wastes by composting plants. However, although more than 50% of the waste generated by the Brazilian population is composed of matter susceptible to organic composting, this process is, still today, insufficiently developed in Brazil, due to low compost quality and lack of investments in the sector. The objective of this work was to use physical analyses to evaluate the quality of the compost produced at 14 operative composting plants in the Sao Paulo State in Brazil. For this purpose, size distribution and total inert content tests were done. The results were analyzed by grouping the plants according to their productive processes: plants with a rotating drum, plants with shredders or mills, and plants without treatment after the sorting conveyor belt. Compost quality was analyzed considering the limits imposed by the Brazilian Legislation and the European standards for inert contents. The size distribution tests showed the influence of the machinery after the sorting conveyer on the granule sizes as well as the inert content, which contributes to the presence of materials that reduce the quality of the final product. 相似文献