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931.
Druzian Daniel Moro Muraro Pâmela Cristine Ladwig Oviedo Leandro Rodrigues da Costa Matheus Londero Wouters Robson Dias Loureiro Sthéfany Nunes da Silva William Leonardo dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(5):2691-2705
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste water contaminated with inorganic mercury is considered a serious environmental problem, mainly due to the hazardous effects this contaminant... 相似文献
932.
Kenneth J. Tobin Marvin E. Bennett 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):253-271
Abstract: Both ground rain gauge and remotely sensed precipitation (Next Generation Weather Radar – NEXRAD Stage III) data have been used to support spatially distributed hydrological modeling. This study is unique in that it utilizes and compares the performance of National Weather Service (NWS) rain gauge, NEXRAD Stage III, and Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 (Version 6) data for the hydrological modeling of the Middle Nueces River Watershed in South Texas and Middle Rio Grande Watershed in South Texas and northern Mexico. The hydrologic model chosen for this study is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a comprehensive, physical‐based tool that models watershed hydrology and water quality within stream reaches. Minor adjustments to selected model parameters were applied to make parameter values more realistic based on results from previous studies. In both watersheds, NEXRAD Stage III data yields results with low mass balance error between simulated and actual streamflow (±13%) and high monthly Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NS > 0.60) for both calibration (July 1, 2003 to December 31, 2006) and validation (2007) periods. In the Middle Rio Grande Watershed NEXRAD Stage III data also yield robust daily results (time averaged over a three‐day period) with NS values of (0.60‐0.88). TRMM 3B42 data generate simulations for the Middle Rio Grande Watershed of variable qualtiy (MBE = +13 to ?16%; NS = 0.38‐0.94; RMSE = 0.07‐0.65), but greatly overestimates streamflow during the calibration period in the Middle Nueces Watershed. During the calibration period use of NWS rain gauge data does not generate acceptable simulations in both watersheds. Significantly, our study is the first to successfully demonstrate the utility of satellite‐estimated precipitation (TRMM 3B42) in supporting hydrologic modeling with SWAT; thereby, potentially extending the realm (between 50°N and 50°S) where remotely sensed precipitation data can support hydrologic modeling outside of regions that have modern, ground‐based radar networks (i.e., much of the third world). 相似文献
933.
934.
Randal L. Shogren Kenneth M. Doll J. L. Willett Graham Swift 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(2):103-108
l-Aspartic acid was thermally polymerized in the presence of d-sorbitol with the goal of synthesizing new, higher molecular weight water soluble and absorbent copolymers. No reaction occurred
when aspartic acid alone was heated at 170 or 200 °C. In contrast, heating sorbitol and aspartic acid neat or with ammonium
hydroxide gave a mixture of water soluble and insoluble copolymers of polysuccinimide and sorbitol. In the presence of phosphoric
acid, sorbitol aspartate ester copolymers having both water soluble and highly swollen gel components were formed. These results
indicate that polysaccharides such as sorbitol can readily react to form copolymer ester/amides with aspartic acid and such
copolymers may have utility as biodegradable water soluble and swellable polyampholytes. 相似文献
935.
Relation between mechanochemical dechlorination rate of polyvinyl chloride and mill power consumption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William Tongamp Junya Kano Yuichiro Suzuta Fumio Saito Nickolas J. Themelis 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):32-37
A sample of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder was milled with CaO powder in a planetary mill for various mill operational parameters.
The milled product consisted of dechlorinated hydrocarbon and water-soluble CaOHCl. The dechlorination rate of PVC was determined
by the concentration of Cl− ions measured in solution after dispersing the milled product in water. To evaluate the power consumption during PVC dechlorination,
the mill power consumption was measured during each experimental run. In addition, media motion during planetary milling was
simulated using the discrete element method (DEM), enabling calculation of the mill power consumption. The power consumption
calculated by the DEM simulation compared well with the power consumption measured experimentally. The dechlorination rate
correlated well with the specific mill power consumption, regardless of the sample weight. The dechlorination rate of PVC
when milled with oyster shells (CaCO3) was observed to be faster than that of the PVC/CaO system, and oyster shells could be used as a reactant for the treatment
of PVC wastes. This work should be useful for the design of a reactor for the dechlorination of PVC.
Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6 相似文献
936.
Susan M. Moore William L. Porter Patrick G. DempseyAuthor vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(6):455-460
Introduction
The objective of this study was to evaluate the circumstances leading to fall from equipment injuries in the mining industry.Method
The 2006 and 2007 Mine Safety and Health Administration annual injury databases were utilized for this study whereby the injury narrative, nature of injury, body part injured, mine type, age at injury, and days lost were evaluated for each injury.Results
The majority of injuries occurred at surface mining facilities (∼ 60%) with fractures and sprains/strains being the most common injuries occurring to the major joints of the body. Nearly 50% of injuries occurred during ingress/egress, predominately during egress, and approximately 25% of injuries occurred during maintenance tasks. The majority of injuries occurred in relation to large trucks, wheel loaders, dozers, and conveyors/belts. The severity of injury was independent of age and the median days lost was seven days; however, there was a large range in severity.Impact on industry
From the data obtained in this study, several different research areas have been identified for future work, which include balance and stability control when descending ladders and equipment design for maintenance tasks. 相似文献937.
Nissen S Alexander BD Dawood I Tillotson M Wells RP Macphee DE Killham K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):72-76
Photoelectrocatalysis driven by visible light offers a new and potentially powerful technology for the remediation of water contaminated by organo-xenobiotics. In this study, the performance of a visible light-driven photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) batch reactor, applying a tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoelectrode, to degrade the model pollutant 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was monitored both by toxicological assessment (biosensing) and chemical analysis. The bacterial biosensor used to assess the presence of toxicity of the parent molecule and its breakdown products was a multicopy plasmid lux-marked E. coli HB101 pUCD607. The bacterial biosensor traced the removal of 2,4-DCP, and in some case, its toxicity response suggests the identification of transient toxic intermediates. The loss of the parent molecule, 2,4-DCP determined by HPLC, corresponded to the recorded photocurrents. Photoelectrocatalysis offers considerable potential for the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and that the biosensor based toxicity results identified likely compatibility of this technology with conventional, biological wastewater treatment. 相似文献
938.
939.
Grégoire Leclerc Alassane Bah Bruno Barbier Laurence Boutinot Aurélie Botta William’s Daré Ibrahima Diop Gaye Christine Fourage Géraud Magrin Mame Arame Soumare Ibra Toure 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(2):243-261
We describe an action-research project whose objective was to help stakeholders at different organisational levels achieve sustainable land management by developing mediation models and tools. We chose to test a specific approach called companion modelling in the framework of a multidisciplinary research partnership and a formal local partnership (a ‘users committee’) involving an array of stakeholders at different organisational levels. The study area covers 10,000 km2 of agro-pastoral land around Lake Guiers in northern Senegal. We conducted studies to update the knowledge base of the area and organised six field workshops that clearly revealed three important tool functions to support decision-making on land use at different scales, i.e. understanding maps, monitoring and evaluating land tenure, and foreseeing changes in land use. We found that a toolbox approach was the best way to implement the three functions and overcome the constraints faced by the research team and those linked to the timing of the project. Therefore, we produced five simple complementary tools aimed at various users: a farm-level optimisation model (for researchers and technical services), a database for land allocations and a discussion tool to assess the impact of land allocation decisions (for the rural council), a paper atlas (for local players) and a regional land use change simulation model (for regional and national planners). Participants were able to work with paper maps, to interpret computer-generated simulations of land use change and understand the strengths and limitations of each. Self-assessment of the research process emphasised the importance of the context and the critical role played by social capital at both the research and the field level, which, in turn, emphasised the need for major improvements in the design and implementation of a quality process for participatory modelling. It turns out that action-research may be an effective way to undertake sustainability science. 相似文献
940.
Franzblau A Demond A Towey T Adriaens P Chang SC Luksemburg W Maier M Garabrant D Gillespie B Lepkowski J Chang CW Chen Q Hong B 《Chemosphere》2009,74(3):395-403
Most contamination of residential property soil with dioxin-like compounds occurs as a result of proximity to industrial activity that produces such compounds and, outside the industrially impacted zone, the soil concentrations are at background levels. However, as part of the University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study, residential properties in the lower peninsula of Michigan, USA, were identified that were located far enough from known sources of these compounds that the soil concentrations should have been at background levels and yet the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of some properties' soil was greater than 2.5 standard deviations above the mean background level. In the three cases presented here from Midland/Saginaw Counties, the anomalously high-TEQ values were primarily due to the presence of polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Based on interviews with the residents and a comparison of soil congener profiles, it was deduced that these values resulted from anthropogenic soil movement from historically contaminated areas. In the cases from Jackson/Calhoun Counties, the unusually high-TEQ values were primarily due to polychlorinated biphenyls. In the case profiled here, it appears that the soil became contaminated through sandblasting to remove paint from the swimming pool. This study identified two mechanisms for soil contamination outside zones of industrial impact; thus, an assumption of background levels of soil contamination outside industrial zones may not be valid. 相似文献