荷电水雾除尘器捕尘效率的实验研究

实验分析了影响荷电水雾除尘器除尘效率的主要因素,在此基础上提出了一种新的除尘效率数学模型,该模型明确地表达了过滤风速、喷雾量以及雾滴荷质比对除尘效率的贡献情况。对实验结果及数学模型的分析表明,对于带有振弦栅的荷电水雾除尘系统,喷雾量对除尘效率的影响比过滤风速及荷质比更为显著,新除尘效率模型的提出对指导生产具有重要意义。实验中同时确定了荷电水雾除尘器最佳操作参数,在粉尘入口浓度为412 mg/m3的情况下,当过滤风速为16 m/s,喷雾量为12×10-3 m3/min,雾滴荷质为3.5×10-4 c/kg时,除尘效率可达99.5%。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜.以该薄膜为催化剂,研究了在H2O2存在的条件下,对内分泌干扰物质双酚A的光催化降解反应.分别讨论了pH值、H2O2的加入量、双酚A的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响.结果表明,在pH=4,30 mg/L的H2O2中对初始浓度为50 mg/L的双酚A溶液光照180 min有较好的降解效果.     

Adsorption of volatile benzene series compounds by surface-modified glass fibers: kinetics,thermodynamic adsorption efficiencies,and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of volatile benzene series compounds (VBSCs) in the environment is continually increasing, with the potential for negative effects on...     

Evaluation of three satellite-based latent heat flux algorithms over forest ecosystems using eddy covariance data

We have evaluated the performance of three satellite-based latent heat flux (LE) algorithms over forest ecosystems using observed data from 40 flux towers distributed across the world on all continents. These are the revised remote sensing-based Penman-Monteith LE (RRS-PM) algorithm, the modified satellite-based Priestley-Taylor LE (MS-PT) algorithm, and the semi-empirical Penman LE (UMD-SEMI) algorithm. Sensitivity analysis illustrates that both energy and vegetation terms has the highest sensitivity compared with other input variables. The validation results show that three algorithms demonstrate substantial differences in algorithm performance for estimating daily LE variations among five forest ecosystem biomes. Based on the average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and root-mean-squared error (RMSE), the MS-PT algorithm has high performance over both deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) (0.81, 25.4 W/m²) and mixed forest (MF) (0.62, 25.3 W/m²) sites, the RRS-PM algorithm has high performance over evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) (0.4, 28.1 W/m²) sites, and the UMD-SEMI algorithm has high performance over both deciduous needleleaf forest (DNF) (0.78, 17.1 W/m²) and evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) (0.51, 28.1 W/m²) sites. Perhaps the lower uncertainties in the required forcing data for the MS-PT algorithm, the complicated algorithm structure for the RRS-PM algorithm, and the calibrated coefficients of the UMD-SEMI algorithm based on ground-measured data may explain these differences.     

半月周期的潮汐对滨海湿地土壤理化性质的影响

周期性的潮汐是滨海湿地重要的水文特征,为了探讨潮汐的半月周期(包括小潮期和大潮期)对土壤理化性质的影响及可能的机制,于2009年7月中下旬测定了长江口崇明东滩湿地土壤理化性质在小潮期和大潮期交替周期内的变化规律。结果表明,与小潮期相比,由于频繁的潮水淹没,大潮期0～5 cm土壤含水量的增加量从低潮滩向高潮位依次为:44.8%、18.5%、10.9%和14.3%,5～10 cm含水量的增加量从低潮滩向高潮位依次为:19.2%、9.8%、12.6%和16.2%,10～20 cm则依次为:5.6%、6.1%、2.5%和7.3%。大潮期,从低潮滩向高潮滩增加的盐度依次为0.18、0.13、0.10和0.09 ms·cm^-1,增加的硫酸盐依次为0.32、0.21、0.16、0.13 mg·g^-1。与小潮期相比,大潮期氧化还原电位(Eh)显著降低;土壤容重、pH、可溶性有机碳和可溶性氮在大小潮期间无明显差异。此外,在潮汐的半月周期内,低潮滩土壤比高潮滩有更高淹水频率和更长淹水时间,受潮水的影响更明显,大潮期低潮滩土壤含水量、盐度和硫酸盐的增加幅度大于高潮滩,低潮滩土壤Eh降低幅度则小于高潮滩。半月周期的潮汐可以显著影响滨海湿地的部分土壤理化性质,且不同潮位的土壤性质对潮汐的响应程度不同,进而可能会对湿地植物生长和相关生态过程起到重要的调控作用。     

微生物除臭剂的筛选、复配及其除臭条件的优化

为了获取作为除臭微生物制剂的候选菌株,从垃圾渗滤液中分离筛选了4株具有对NH3和H2S高效降解菌株,分别标记为CC3、CC7、CC13和CC16.通过形态、生理生化和16S r DNA序列分析,分别鉴定为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis).菌株CC7、CC13和CC16组成的复配组合除臭效率最优,其复配比例为1∶1.5∶0.5,对NH3和H2S的去除率分别为83.56%和70.25%.通过单因素实验,确定微生物除臭剂最佳除臭条件:除臭时间为60 h,菌剂使用量为5%,除臭温度为30℃,初始培养基p H值为6.5.     

顾及尺度效应的多源遥感数据“源”“汇”景观的大气霾效应

以武汉市为例,利用多源遥感数据研究城市"源""汇"景观格局与大气霾污染的相关关系.首先,基于武汉市Landsat8数据的地表覆盖分类结果,计算不同尺度下地表覆盖的整体异质性景观指数,选择异质性最大的尺度作为"源""汇"景观分析的最优尺度;在此基础上,用MODIS数据的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品作为大气霾污染程度的度量,基于自相关性较小的"类别层"景观指数,使用地理加权回归分析模型对"源""汇"景观与AOD进行局部回归分析,并在工业区、商业区和居民区3种功能区内分析建筑物对大气霾污染影响的差异.结果表明:6 km是本文分析的最优尺度;大气霾污染的"源"景观为建筑物,"汇"景观为灌木和林地;减小"源"景观面积所占比例、增大其破碎化程度、"源""汇"穿插均匀分布,可以有效减小气溶胶光学厚度,降低大气霾污染;对于武汉市来说,其大气霾污染的主要来源为中心城区的商业区和居民区,即来自于市民生活.针对中心城区要发挥其经济、交通等功能,已有的建设用地不宜大面积改动这一现状,可以采取小幅度优化措施,而对于非建成区可采取建前合理规划"源""汇"景观空间分布的措施.     

Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.     

北京嘉泰国际大厦空调机房噪声治理

北京嘉泰国际大厦因在建筑设计和施工阶段未对空调机房采用合理的噪声控制措施,导致竣工后噪声达不到用户的要求,无法使用。只能花更大的精力和代价进行改造和治理。以此为实例,分析其噪声振动超标的原因,并简述治理方案及最终效果。最后提出大厦机房建造和振动噪声控制方面的建议。