准好氧填埋渗滤液水质与COD降解拟合研究

在成都市长安垃圾填埋场内开展了规模为10m×10m×5m的准好氧填埋实验,分别对渗滤液pH值、COD和NH4+-N进行了研究,结果表明:渗滤液COD经过697d后从最初的65324mg/L降低到2013mg/L,下降96.92%;由于渗滤液收集管直径较小,进入垃圾体的氧气量受到限制,所以NH4+-N的降解效果较差。通过Excel和Lingo软件对渗滤液COD的降解趋势进行拟合,结果表明Lingo拟合的效果更佳。     

杂色云芝漆酶和发酵液降解对苯二酚研究

测定和分析了杂色云芝漆酶和杂色云芝发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应.通过对不同底物质量浓度下杂色云芝漆酶酶学反应动力学特征分析,求得漆酶Lac A对对苯二酚的酶反应动力学方程V=1.52Cs/(16.55 Cs)和底物抑制反应速率方程γs=1.02/(1 12.86/Cs Cs/137.17).发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应进程符合一级反应动力学方程lnC=-kt 6,发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应动力学基本符合Michelis-Menten酶学反应动力学方程Vf=1.77Cs/(3.63 Cs),研究表明Lac A与发酵液对对苯二酚的酶学反应动力学具有较大的相似性,也存在着底物抑制现象,其底物抑制的动力学方程为γs'=1.40/(1 5.75/Cs Cs/278.26).比较漆酶纯酶Lac A和发酵液对对苯二酚反应的Km和Vmax数值,发现杂色云芝发酵液Km较小而Vmax数值较大,说明发酵液较漆酶纯酶具有更高的底物亲和力和催化效率.     

Effects of various pretreatment methods on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate

Effects on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate was studied.     

Multivariate analysis of surface water quality in the Three Gorges area of China and implications for water management

Multivariate statistical techniques, cluster analysis, non-parametric tests, and factor analysis were applied to analyze a water quality dataset including 13 parameters at 37 sites of the Three Gorges area, China, from 2003–2008 to investigate spatio-temporal variations and identify potential pollution sources. Using cluster analysis, the twelve months of the year were classified into three periods of lowflow (LF), normal-flow (NF), and high-flow (HF); and the 37 monitoring sites were divided into low pollution (LP), moderate pollution (MP), and high pollution (HP). Dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index (CODMn), and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4 +-N) were identified as significant variables affecting temporal and spatial variations by non-parametric tests. Factor analysis identified that the major pollutants in the HP region were organic matters and nutrients during NF, heavy metals during LF, and petroleum during HF. In the MP region, the identified pollutants primarily included organic matter and heavy metals year-around, while in the LP region, organic pollution was significant during both NF and HF, and nutrient and heavy metal levels were high during both LF and HF. The main sources of pollution came from domestic wastewater and agricultural activities and runoff; however, they contributed differently to each region in regards to pollution levels. For the HP region, inputs from wastewater treatment plants were significant; but for MP and LP regions, water pollution was more likely from the combined effects of agriculture, domestic wastewater, and chemical industry. These results provide fundamental information for developing better water pollution control strategies for the Three Gorges area.     

某铀矿井氡析出量与排氡通风量的估算

在铀矿井中,氡及其子体对工作人员的危害极大,而通风降氡可为井下工作人员创造一个良好的工作环境,确保井下工人的安全和健康.本文根据某铀矿采场中氡的来源,分别探讨了矿体和围岩暴露表面、爆落矿石和地下水的氡析出量的具体估算方法,并估算出排氡及其子体所需风量,取通风量较大者为采场需风量,通过所得采场需风量计算出采场中氡浓度及其...     

广州城区冬季大气边界层气溶胶激光雷达探测

激光雷达是大气边界层气溶胶和云的一个高效探测工具。2010年12月利用Mie散射激光雷达对广州城区冬季大气边界层进行系统观测,分析讨论了测站地域上空大气气溶胶的消光系数垂直分布和时间变化的主要特征。结果表明:冬季广州大气边界层气溶胶主要分布在1100m以下区域,气溶胶分布具有多层结构;大气边界层高度稳定分布在500~620m左右,边界层高度日变化不明显;冬季广州气溶胶源较为稳定并且变化慢;广州城区气溶胶浓度白天比晚上大,峰值出现11颐00~14颐00左右,谷值出现在20颐00左右。     

金属离子对剩余污泥水解嗜热菌酶促效果影响研究

利用从土壤中采集分离出来的嗜热菌进行嗜热酶溶解（S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,同时添加4种金属离子（K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Fe2＋）,考察各金属离子对剩余污泥水解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,4种金属离子都能强化污泥酶促反应,反应5h左右时蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力达到最大值.反应过程中,200μmol·L-1K...     

PBS基共聚物对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响研究

采用人工土壤法,以蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化为指标,研究了不同分子量可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚己内酯(PBS-co-PCL)共聚物对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明:数均分子量为8.0×103和1.6×104实验中,蚯蚓蛋白质均表现出随PBS-co-PCL含量的增大而减小的趋势,但最终蛋白质含量与空白实验基本一致;数均分子量为2.8×104的PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓的影响比较小,不随共聚物含量的增加而变化,与空白实验基本保持相同水平。以上结果表明:不同分子量PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响不大,对蚯蚓是安全的。     

无机碳源对Chlorella sp. TCCC45058生长的影响

自然界中无机碳主要以CO2、HCO3-、CO32-三种形式存在,不同形式的无机碳源对微藻生长影响显著。实验结果显示,Chlorella sp.TCCC45058难以利用CO32-,却能够以CO2、HCO3-作为碳源,其最适浓度分别为12.83 mmol/L和16.51 mmol/L,实验中最高生物量达到0.95 g/L。CO32-浓度过高会显著抑制该藻的光合作用速率,而适当提高HCO3-浓度会使光合作用速率得到一定程度的提高,以CO2作碳源时该藻的光合作用速率最高,而且该速率不会因CO2浓度改变而发生明显变化。以CO32-为碳源时细胞叶绿素a含量很低,仅为9 mg/g;当HCO3-、CO2作碳源时无论浓度如何变化,细胞叶绿素a含量均无明显差异,约为14~17 mg/g。     

胞外多聚物对酶催化污泥厌氧水解的影响研究

研究了胞外多聚物对酶催化污泥溶解效果和催化过程中污泥化学组分变化的影响.向原污泥及去除胞外多聚物的剩余污泥外加酶,并与未加酶组水解效果进行对比.结果表明,酶浓度〈20 mg/g时仅水解污泥胞外物质,加大酶量能显著引起污泥破解.溶菌酶用于原污泥水解效果较好,SCOD/TCOD最高可达28.14%,投加量60 mg/g,反...