Effect of organic fertilizers derived dissolved organic matter on pesticide sorption and leaching

Incorporation of organic fertilizers/amendments has been, and continues to be, a popular strategy for golf course turfgrass management. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from these organic materials may, however, facilitate organic chemical movement through soils. A batch equilibrium technique was used to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer-derived DOM on sorption of three organic chemicals (2,4-D, naphthalene and chlorpyrifos) in USGA (United States Golf Association) sand, a mixed soil (70% USGA sand and 30% native soil) and a silt loam soil (Typic Fragiochrept). DOM was extracted from two commercial organic fertilizers. Column leaching experiments were also performed using USGA sand. Sorption experiments showed that sorption capacity was significantly reduced with increasing DOM concentration in solution for all three chemicals. Column experimental results were consistent with batch equilibrium data. These results suggest that organic fertilizer-derived DOM might lead to enhanced transport of applied chemicals in turf soils.     

Occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, and endocrine-disrupting personal care products in wastewater and the recipient river water of the Pearl River Delta, South China

The occurrence and behavior of β-blockers, antiepileptic drug carbamazepine and its metabolites, X-ray contrast agent iopromide, natural and synthetic hormones, and several groups of hormone-like personal care products (PCPs), including antiseptics (triclocarban, triclosan, and 2-phenylphenol), parabens and bisphenol A, were investigated in municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, and urban river water of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The pharmaceuticals, natural hormones and PCPs were ubiquitously detected in the raw wastewater from a sewage treatment plant (STP). Only triclocarban and triclosan were detected at significant amounts in the dewatered sludge. Iopromide and the PCPs were greatly removed/transformed from the aqueous phase of the wastewater. The β-blockers were only moderately removed/transformed. Carbamazepine passed through the STP almost unchanged. Biodegradation was the dominant process for elimination/transformation of the pharmaceuticals, hormones, and most PCPs in the STP. However, sorption also played an important role in the fate of triclocarban with nearly 50% of the mass load entering the STP ended up and persisted in the dewatered sludge. The pharmaceuticals, estrone, and PCPs were also widely detected in the Pearl River at Guangzhou. Bisphenol A had the highest concentration. The pharmaceutical concentrations in the Pearl River were higher in March than in May, most likely due to less dilution by lower precipitation. The omnipresence and high levels of the pharmaceuticals and PCPs in the Pearl River may be associated with direct discharge of untreated wastewater and pose potential risks to the ecological system.     

海口市城区不同下垫面降雨径流污染特征

分析海口市4种主要下垫面的径流水质,研究其污染程度和变化规律,并与国内其他城市进行对比。监测项目包括pH、SS、COD_Cr、TN、TP、Pb、Cr、Cd、Zn、石油类。结果表明,各下垫面径流水样水质较好,除路面径流COD_Cr超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)V类标准2倍,其他水质指标均达到标准要求;各污染物浓度初期较高,随降雨历时降低并趋于稳定,绿地径流污染物浓度下降速率比路面与屋面缓慢;相比国内其他海边城市,海口城区污染程度较轻。     

利用场地表征参数研究岷漳地区地震动相对变化趋势

近地表场地条件所引起的地震动差别可以造成不同场地上建筑物震害的显著差异。为了在岷漳地区的震害预测和长期发展规划中考虑场地条件差异性,提出联合V_(s30)和地形标度曲率作为场地表征参数来获得研究区地震动相对变化趋势图的方法。研究表明:土质山体土质河谷基岩山体基岩河谷是研究区地震动变化的基本规律,但因覆盖层厚度和地形条件的不同,具体场地的地震动变化也有不同。总体上,地震动峰值加速度的放大程度主要与近地表V_(s30)相关,V_(s30)越大地震动峰值加速度的放大越小,地震频谱受频率标度地形曲率和覆盖层厚度共同影响,分别在相应的特征频率处放大。该研究可为区域地震动预测提供理论依据,为制定区域长期发展规划和建筑抗震设计提供重要的基础资料,基于场地表征参数研究区域地震动相对变化趋势的方法也可应用于地震烈度速报和地震灾害快速评估等领域。     

城市河道淤泥固化土干湿耐久性试验研究北大核心CSCD

淤泥固化土的干湿耐久性是其资源化利用中长期服役性能的重要指标。本文选取有机质含量分别为7.7%(S淤泥)和11.7%(Z淤泥)的两种典型城市河道淤泥,掺入水泥及新型固化剂进行固化处理,通过干湿循环试验及无侧限抗压强度试验研究了不同种类的固化剂及其掺量对淤泥固化土干湿耐久性的影响。试验结果表明:在水泥掺量较低条件下(S淤泥对应5%、Z淤泥对应5%和10%),淤泥固化土的抗压强度随干湿循环次数增加逐渐下降,且第1次循环的下降幅度最大,随后下降幅度明显减小;在水泥掺量较高条件下(S淤泥对应10%以上、Z淤泥对应15%以上),淤泥固化土的抗压强度随干湿循环次数增加先增大后下降,且峰值强度对应的循环次数具有随水泥掺量的增加和有机质含量的减少而增加的趋势,淤泥固化土抗压强度随干湿循环作用的变化规律是劣化效应和养生修复效应协同作用的结果。总体来说,淤泥固化土随着水泥掺量的增加,其干湿耐久性显著提高。新型固化剂达到掺量10%时淤泥固化土的干湿耐久性介于水泥掺量15%~20%淤泥固化土之间,显然新型固化剂处理城市河道淤泥优于水泥固化的效果。这一研究为城市河道淤泥固化处理提供了一种新的处理技术。     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

Temporal and spatial changes in nutrients and chlorophyll-a in a shallow lake, Lake Chaohu, China: An 11-year investigation

Temporal and spatial changes of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in a shallow lake, Lake Chaohu, China, were investigated using monthly monitoring data from 2001 through 2011. The results showed that the annual mean concentration ranges of TN, TP, and Chl-a were 0.08-14.60 mg/L, 0.02-1.08 mg/L, and 0.10-465.90 μg/L, respectively. Our data showed that Lake Chaohu was highly eutrophic and that water quality showed no substantial improvement during 2001 through 2011. The mean concentrations of TP, TN and Chl-a in the western lake were significantly higher than in the eastern lake, which indicates a spatial distribution of the three water parameters. The annual mean ratio of TN:TP by weight ranged from 10 to 20, indicating that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient in this lake. A similar seasonality variation for TP and Chl-a was observed. Riverine TP and NH₄⁺ loading from eight major tributaries were in the range of 1.56×10⁴-5.47×10⁴ and 0.19×10⁴-0.51×10⁴ tons/yr over 2002-2011, respectively, and exceeded the water environmental capability of the two nutrients in the lake by a factor of 3-6. Thus reduction of nutrient loading in the sub-watershed and tributaries would be essential for the restoration of Lake Chaohu.     

1998~2016中国八大经济区植被覆盖对PM2.5浓度时空分布的影响

目前很少有PM_2.5污染与植被覆盖的相关性深入研究,尝试对此进行补充.基于1998~2016年的PM_2.5和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的栅格数据,以中国内地八大经济区为研究对象,对NDVI值进行3个等级划分（低植被覆盖区、中植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区）,并计算相应等级的PM_2.5污染浓度.在此基础上,从NDVI的景观尺度和类型尺度分析PM_2.5污染的时空特征,然后利用面板数据模型定量化NDVI景观格局指数对PM_2.5的影响.结果表明：①北部沿海、东部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游和东北经济区在植被覆盖相对较低的区域,PM_2.5污染较严重;而黄河中游、西南地区及大西北经济区则在植被覆盖相对较低的区域表现出较轻的PM_2.5污染;②大部分区域的PM_2.5随时间变化呈显著上升趋势;③PM_2.5与NDVI景观格局指数相关性显著（P<0.05）的区域相对较少;④景观形状指数（LSI）、斑块面积比（PLAND）、斑块数量（NP）、最大斑块占景观面积比（LPI）和聚集度指标（AI）指数对PM_2.5的影响都表现出明显的空间异质性.     

三元乙丙橡胶室内外老化行为及相关性分析

目的 研究三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的室内外老化机制及其相关性.方法 开展户外拉萨、漠河、吐鲁番、万宁、武汉等站点及室内氙灯加速老化试验,通过分析表观、力学、化学结构等性能,探究EPDM室内外老化行为相关性及加速比.结果 EPDM室内外环境中老化规律为,光泽度初期迅速下降,后期趋于稳定;老化初期色差上升,后期逐渐下降.撕...     

表面活性剂促进剩余污泥酶水解的研究

为了提高污泥酶水解的效率,研究向污泥中投加表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）强化污泥酶水解的效果.结果表明,SDS极大促进了剩余污泥酶水解,且复合酶的处理效果优于单酶.复合酶的投加量为0.06 g/g时,SCOD溶出率随SDS投加量成正比增加.SDS为0.20 g/g时,S...