真养产碱杆菌ATCC17699生产聚β－羟基丁酸摇瓶发酵条件的研究

在摇瓶条件下，首先对Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ生产ＰＨＢ的一步法和二步法进行了比较研究，然后探讨了Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ对不同碳源的利用情况，提出了较佳的ＰＨＢ发酵条件，并分析了ＰＨＢ的发酵过程曲线．研究结果表明，本研究采用的Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ以一步法生产ＰＨＢ较为适宜，其对３种不同碳源的利用能力为：果糖＞丁酸＞葡萄糖；培养基中的丁酸浓度和ｐＨ值对ＰＨＢ发酵的生产指标和动力学参数有较大影响，其最佳值为１．８％和ｐＨ为０．８；最终发酵过程达到细胞于重ρ＝７．２ｇ·Ｌ－１，胞内ＰＨＢ含量ρ＝５．０ｇ·Ｌ－１，ω（ＰＨＢ）占细胞干重７２．２％．     

高压脉冲放电处理焦化废水的研究

焦化废水中含有大量的氰化物,如直接排放将对环境产生很大的危害,本实验采用高压毫微秒脉冲产生的非平衡等离子体处理武钢焦化废水,分析了空气流量、SO2的质量浓度、放电时间等因素对实验的影响,放电之后发现当实验条件合适时,氰化物浓度可以降低90%以上,反应60min时则降低了93.93%以上。文章同时还探讨了放电等离子体去除氰化物反应机理。     

表面活性剂对黄土中石油污染物的解吸影响研究

研究了用表面活性剂去除黄土中柴油类污染物。选用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠 (LAS和SDS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)对污染的土壤进行解吸实验 ,表明阴离子表面活性剂浓度从 0 .1%增加到 1.0 %时 ,其柴油的去除率可达 2 0 % ,而阳离子表面活性剂去除作用不甚明显。利用摩尔增溶比MSR值求得LAS和SDS的logKm 值为 4.5 5 2和 3 .63 0 ,这和理论的计算值很接近     

Correlations of nonlinear sorption of organic solutes with soil/sediment physicochemical properties

The estimation of solute sorptive behaviors is essential when direct sorption data are unavailable and will provide a convenient way to assess the fate and the biological activity of organic solutes in soil/sediment environments. In this study, the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on 19 soil/sediment samples and the sorption of 13 organic solutes on one sediment were investigated. All sorption isotherms are nonlinear and can be described satisfactorily by a simple dual-mode model (DMM): q(e)=KpCe+Q0 . bCe/(1+bCe), where Kp (mlg(-1)) is the partition coefficient; Ce (microgml(-1)) is the equilibrium concentration; Q0 (microgg(-1)) is the maximum adsorption capacity; Q0 . b (mlg(-1)) is the Langmuir-type isotherm slope in the low concentration (Henry's law) range and b (mlmicrog(-1)) is a constant related to the affinity of the surface for the solute. Based on these nonlinear sorption isotherms and similar other nonlinear isotherms, it is observed that, for both polar 2,4-DCP and nonpolar phenanthrene, Kp, Q0 and Q0 . b are linearly correlated with soil/sediment organic carbon content (f(oc) in the range of 0.118-53.7%). The results indicate that the nonlinear sorption of organic solutes results primarily from interactions with soil/sediment organic matter. The K*oc K*oc=Kp/f(oc)), Qoc (Qoc=Q0/f(oc)), Loc (Loc=Q0 . b/f(oc)) and b for a given organic solute with different soils/sediments are largely invariant. Furthermore, logK*oc, logb and logLoc for various organic solutes are correlated significantly with the solute logKow or logSw (logKow in the range of 0.9 to 5.13 and logSw in the range of -6.176 to -0.070). A fundamental empirical equation was then established to calculate approximately the nonlinear sorption from soil/sediment f(oc) and solute Sw for a given solute equilibrium concentration.     

橡胶及制品自然贮存老化行为研究进展

针对橡胶及制品自然贮存老化行为的研究现状,从宏观性能、微观结构、自然贮存试验方法等方面进行综述。其中,宏观性能主要包括力学性能和其他宏观性能两个方面;微观结构方面主要包括FTIR技术、热分析技术、SEM及XPS技术等三个方面;自然贮存试验方法方面主要是部分橡胶及制品的相关自然贮存试验规范及标准。橡胶及制品自然贮存老化行为研究应加强自然贮存试验,综合运用分析手段掌握橡胶及制品的真实老化行为,从而改善橡胶性能,延长其使用寿命。     

废旧聚乙烯的再生处理技术

从废旧聚乙烯的直接再生、改性再生和裂解再生三个方面，讨论了国内外处理和再生利用的情况，并对其再生技术与应用做了比较。我国处理和回收利用废旧聚乙烯时，要加强生物降解塑料等环境无负荷材料的研究与开发；加强固体废弃物的管理与循环利用的立法；实现经济与环境的和谐发展。     

喀斯特地区红三叶混播草地群落对长期适度放牧的响应

群落稳定性的生态学研究一直缺乏动物利用条件下的长时间梯度田间试验,而混播草地的放牧利用年限是生态脆弱的南方喀斯特山区生态环境建设和资源可持续利用的关键问题之一。用考力代绵羊轮牧,在牧前和牧后草地现存量(干物质,DM,drymatter)分别为1800~2500(草层高15~18cm)和900~1200kg·hm-2(草层高3~5cm)的适度放牧利用条件下,对亚热带最常见的豆科牧草红三叶(Trifolium pratense)与禾本科牧草的两两混播草地的群落生产力和持久性开展长期研究。20年的结果表明:适度放牧利用下,群落地上总生物量长期稳定,各组合间差异不显著,总盖度20a后仍高达97%以上;适度放牧有利于牧草的生产力持久性,红三叶、鸭茅(Dactylisglomerata)、多年生黑麦草(Loliumperenne)和黑穗画眉草(Eragrostisnigra)都在群落中长期存在;群落净产量和持久性是尺度依赖的,群落长期净生产力以红三叶 鸭茅的最高(DM产量353.3g·m-2·a-1)(P<0.05),对杂草侵入的抵抗力最强,而前10a红三叶 多年生黑麦草有很高的净生产力(DM产量449.8g·m-2·a-1);物种的生产力受伴生种的影响,前10a红三叶在与无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis leyss)和黑穗画眉草组合中的产量高于其它组合(P<0.05);不同的物种侵占力不同,栽培种侵占力最强的是黑穗画眉和鸭茅,非栽培种侵占力最强的是白三叶。     

Fish consumption and plasma levels of organochlorines in a female population in Northern Norway

Increased cancer incidence and mortality have been found among humans exposed to high levels of organochlorines (OCs), either accidentally or as industrial workers. In order to assess levels of OCs in Norwegian women north of the Arctic Circle and validate self-reported fish consumption as a surrogate measure of organochlorine body burden, concentrations of seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners [IUPAC Nos. CB-105, CB-118, CB-138 (+ CB-163), CB-153, CB-180, CB-183, CB-187], beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), 2,2'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and cis- and trains-chlordane (c-CD and t-CD) were examined in plasma samples of middle-aged women attending for health screening. Altogether, 47 of those invited (81%) completed a questionnaire and donated a suitable blood sample. The ability of questionnaire data to predict plasma levels of OCs was tested in linear and logistic regression analyses. Measured plasma concentrations were in the range reported for the general female population of other Western countries and the relative amounts of PCBs were similar to the circumpolar pattern. Intake of seagulls' eggs was a predictor of PCB congeners CB-138 (+CB-163) (p<0.05) and CB-153 (p<0.01). No other food category was positively associated with any compound. In contrast, duration of residence in the study municipality, body mass index (BMI) and lifetime lactation (months) were the best univariate predictors. There was an increase in beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE and most of the PCBs (p<0.05 for all) with increasing length of time a subject had lived in the municipality. BMI was a positive predictor for beta-HCH (OR=3.10, 95% CI 1.50-6.43, per 5 kgm(-2)), chlordane (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.12-4.05, per 5 kgm(-2)) and CB-105 and CB-153 (p<0.05 for both). Lactation was negatively associated with all OCs (p<0.05), except chlordane and two of the PCB congeners. Time living in the municipality and lactation explained 34%, of the variance in concentration of total PCB in a multivariate model (p<0.001). The results indicate that regular consumption of fish (mostly lean species) from the Norwegian waters is not associated with an increased body burden of OCs (e.g., of importance to cancer development), although they confirm that lactation is the most important elimination route of these contaminants in women.     

高吸附量有机聚合物的合成及其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

为开发高效染料吸附剂,以丙烯酸（AA）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为单体,N,N''-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）为偶联剂合成了一种新型有机聚合物（KAA）,并以红外光谱（FTIR）与扫描电镜（SEM）对其进行表征.选用典型阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）为研究对象,研究KAA对MB的吸附动力学、吸附热力学以及溶液pH值和不同阳离子对吸附的影响.结果表明,实验浓度范围内KAA对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量为1558 mg·g^-1,能够在1.5 h内达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准一级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合通用等温模型（a general model）,吸附热力学数据表明吸附过程为自发、放热的熵减过程.KAA对亚甲基蓝的吸附具有较宽的pH适用范围,吸附剂具有良好的pH缓冲能力,阳离子对吸附具有较强的抑制作用,抑制作用大小为Al³⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺.研究表明吸附的主要驱动力为静电作用和π-π相互作用.与其他吸附剂相比,KAA对亚甲基蓝具有超高的吸附量以及酸碱耐受能力,更符合实际应用需求.     

海洋真核微藻粒级结构及其环境影响因素

采用高通量测序-分子鉴定分级技术于2018年对大长山岛临近海域微藻粒级结构进行了研究,同时探讨了叶绿素a分级法测算微藻粒级结构的误差.结果发现,叶绿素a分级法测算微微型藻类（< 3μm）误差高达82%,严重低估了小粒径微藻的组成,分子鉴定分级法测算春季小粒径微藻生物量组成平均为86%,夏季平均为52%,秋季平均为20%.春季优势种抑食金球藻生物量占41%,夏季优势种金牛微球藻生物量占21%,这2种微微型藻类会严重影响滤食性贝类正常摄食生长,养殖风险较高.总氮、总磷、溶解硅等环境因子和贝类摄食的下行效应影响着该海域微藻粒级结构的变化.