Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu, China

To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and cyanobacterial proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms, enclosure experiment were conducted in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu by regulating the natural light intensities with different shading ratio （0% （full sunlight）, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% of original natural sunlight intensities） from September to November in 2010. The results indicated that phytoplankton biomass （mean） decreased significantly when the shading ratios reached 50% or more. Higher shading ratios （e.g. 75%） were very efficient in controlling the average and total cyanobacterialbloom biomass, while 50% shading ratio was proven very effective either in controlling the peak value of phytoplankton biomass or postponing the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Talhu. In addition, phytoplankton composition and photosynthesis efficiency were also affected by altering the shading ratios, and in turn, they might also act on phytoplankton growth. Based on the results from the present study, intermediate shading strategies such as regulation of water level or turbidity through the hydrology regulations would probably be an effective and efficient method in controlling cyanobacterial blooms in large and shallow lakes.     

Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene under different oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols

Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene/NOx with different sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem differential mobility analyzer （TDMA） in terms of hygroscopic growth factor （Gf）, with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols （SOA） formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor （ACSM） and matrix factorization （PMF） method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present.     

山西省重污染天气监测预报预警系统设计

山西省重污染天气监测预报预警系统由"四层三体系"构成,基于环境空气质量监测数据、气象数据和污染源排放清单数据,应用空气质量数值预报与统计预报相结合的方式,实现山西省未来5天的空气质量分析、预报、预警和追因等功能,以期为合理调整污染源布局、切实做好大气污染防治提供科学依据和决策支持。     

清洁生产审核在锌精砂生产企业中的应用

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,以锌精砂的清洁生产审核为例,通过对其生产全过程进行分析,寻找清洁生产潜力并研制清洁生产方案19个。方案实施结果表明,清洁生产直接产生773.4万元的经济效益,节电6.8万k W·h/a,节约新鲜水1 500 m3/a,减少了二氧化硫和酸雾的排放量。经济效益、环境效益和社会效益明显,为同类企业的清洁生产审核积累了经验。     

花生壳和核桃壳对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性

以花生壳和核桃壳为原料,制备了两种吸附剂。研究了它们对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性,并与活性炭进行对比。结果表明,这两种吸附剂在p H值为2时吸附效果最好,吸附率分别为84%和58.4%。这两种吸附剂适用于处理低浓度的KN-R废水,处理时间90 min为宜。     

淮河流域安徽段水体成组生物毒性评价

在淮河流域安徽段某区域采集了3个地表水样和12个地下水样,通过大型溞急性毒性(活动抑制)、微核及SOS/umu试验,分析了这些水样的急性毒性及遗传毒性。结果表明,急性毒性测试中,该区域地表水及大部分地下水的急性毒性均未超过US EPA废水排放毒性的控制要求(0.3 TU),有2个位点的地下水样毒性当量为0.31 TU,超过限值;经t-test分析,地表水的急性毒性显著高于地下水。SOS/umu检测中,2个地表水样和7个地下水样的结果呈阳性,表现出DNA损伤效应,其诱导率IR在(2.20±0.063)~(3.36±0.067)之间,对应的致癌风险P基本处在10-6~10-7水平。微核检测结果表明,3个地表水样具有较严重的染色体损伤效应,9个地下水样表现为阴性。总之,该区域地表水急性毒性及遗传毒性相对较高;部分浅层地下水也存在一定程度的急性毒性和遗传毒性,致癌风险处在可接受范围,但仍可能对周围居民的健康产生潜在威胁;而深层地下水没有检测到任何毒性效应。研究为周边居民饮水安全和人体健康提供了基础信息。     

Pollution characteristics and toxic effects of PM1.0 and PM2.5 in Harbin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In 2019, PM2.5 and PM1.0 samples were collected in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China, to research their mass concentration, number...     

纳滤膜技术在废水深度处理中的膜污染及控制研究进展

纳滤(Nanofiltration)膜技术是实现废水再生利用的有效途径,但膜污染是限制其推广应用的主要因素之一.本文总结了纳滤膜技术在废水深度处理过程中的膜污染研究现状,分析了膜污染分析方法研究进展,并探讨了纳滤膜污染的控制策略,最后对今后的工作重点进行了展望,以期为纳滤膜技术在不同废水深度处理过程中的膜污染调控提供参考.     

澧水入湖河床沉积物重金属污染特征及评价

利用等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对澧水入湖段河床沉积物重金属含量进行分析测定,并对沉积物重金属污染程度进行了评价.结果表明,澧水入湖沉积物重金属Cd含量较高,超出土壤背景值3.5~15.6倍,超标率达100%.地累积指数评价结果显示,Cd处于中度污染水平,重金属污染程度从高到低为:CdCuNiMnZnCoPbCrV.潜在生态风险评价结果显示,沉积物Cd的生态风险指数RI值在84.3~230之间,表现出很强的生态风险.重金属生态风险排序为:CdCuNiPbCoCrVMnZn,且沉积物重金属Cd对潜在生态风险指数RI值的贡献率最大.健康风险评价结果显示,重金属Mn、V、Pb、Cr、Cu、Co、Zn、Ni、Cd等均没有显著的非致癌风险,儿童致癌风险比成人大1.3~5.6倍,其中,重金属Cr、Co可对儿童和成人构成潜在致癌风险.重金属Cd、Pb、Zn可能主要来自于工矿排放等人为带入,而V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu等重金属可能主要来自流域基岩的自然风化、侵蚀等地表作用.流域重金属污染防治应主要针对Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn等重金属污染而进行.     

g-C3N4在可见光下协同PDS降解磺胺二甲嘧啶的机制研究

以二聚氰胺为前驱体合成光催化剂石墨相碳化氮(g-C_3N_4),通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等技术对g-C_3N_4材料进行形貌结构和光学性能的表征.实验过程中,以g-C_3N_4光催化降解磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)中,加入过硫酸盐(PDS)联合效果的研究结果表明,PDS加快了g-C_3N_4对SMZ的光催化降解;通过荧光测试,表明了PDS使g-C_3N_4的光生空穴(h~+)与光生电子(e-)能够进行有效地分离,从而加强其光催化性能;实验同时研究了PDS/g-C_3N_4体系对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)光催化降解的影响机制.研究表明,SMZ的光催化降解反应符合准一级动力学规律;pH在酸性环境下有利于SMZ的降解;使用草酸钠作为光生空穴分子捕获剂,检测到h~+存在于PDS/g-C_3N_4光催化体系中,并计算得出h~+的贡献率为65.9%,表明h~+在降解中起到主要作用;TOC的检测表明,加入PDS有助于SMZ的矿化.