细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的小尺度实验研究及简化模型

细水雾灭火技术以其环保性好、灭火迅速、耗水量低、破坏性小以及适用面宽等特点 ,已成为国际火灾领域关注研究的热点。以此为工程背景 ,开展了细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的小尺度模拟实验研究。利用热电偶测温系统、数码摄像机等仪器测量了细水雾作用前后燃烧场的变化特征。结果表明 :预燃时间、喷雾气压、细水雾作用时间等参数对灭火过程有显著影响。细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的主要机理是燃料表面冷却效应。从传热的角度建立的木材表面冷却模型与实验结果吻合较好     

连云港市大气、水环境污染经济损失初步估算

实行环境核算并将其纳入国民经济核算体系。是实施可持续发展战略的重大措施。本文对连云港市的大气、水环境污染损失进行估算并将其纳入到国民经济核算体系中。结果显示：1996—2000年连云港市大气、水污染损失年均分别为51623．4万元和135215．7万元，占GDP比重的2．2％和5．2％。合计高达7．4％。这表明大气和水污染损失的严重性。以GDP为主要衡量指标的现行国民经济核算体系过高地估计了连云港市的经济增长水平。掩饰了环境的退化，不利于可持续发展的科学决策和环境的管理。     

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.     

我国5A级景区最大承载量的空间分异

5A级景区最大承载量很大程度上反映出区域旅游资源的供给能力。通过对不同省市、不同类型旅游景区最大承载量的数理统计与空间展布,分析我国5A级景区最大承载量的省域空间差异和类型空间差异规律。结果表明:我国5A级旅游景区最大承载量空间分布不均衡,空间差异特征与人口分布规律较为一致;区域差异与类型差异可供景区规划布局和旅游者决策参考。     

测定模拟月壤物理和力学性质的室内试验方法研究

模拟月壤的物理和力学性质是月球科学研究的重要内容,但是由于模拟月壤具有含水率低、孔隙比大的特性,不易采用一般的室内土工试验方法进行测定。通过改进制样方法,即通过环刀和击实后试样高度严格控制模拟月壤试样的质量和密实度,得到了测定模拟月壤物理和力学性质较为准确的室内试验方法,并探讨了模拟月壤的抗剪强度指标与密实度和粒径的关系以及模拟月壤的含水率对其抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明:模拟月壤的天然密度与粒径大小有关,其抗剪强度指标与密实度和粒径大小有关。该试验方法具有操作简单、准确性好、成本低的优点,也适用于其他与模拟月壤类似的低含水率、高孔隙比土样的物理和力学性质的室内测定。     

水资源全流域管理模式研究

水资源管理在社会经济发展中具有举足轻重的作用。本文通过分析国外流域管理的先进经验及发展趋势 ,结合我国实际 ,提出水资源全流域统一管理的模式 ,并指出这是我国水资源管理的必由之路     

论北京城市建设的综合减灾问题

本文针对北京城市建设面临的自然与人为灾害背景,简要论述了北京地震、水灾、火灾及“新致灾源”的历史及现状,强调开展首都圈灾害研究及减灾规划设计的重要性,并提出了系统的减灾方略及相应的管理构想。     

城市排水系统提质增效关键技术研究 ——以马鞍山市为例

长江中下游城市普遍存在排水系统提质增效问题,成为制约城市水环境长效改善的关键瓶颈.结合长江生态环境保护修复马鞍山驻点城市需求,围绕精准控源截污和雨天排放污染控制,以马鞍山市主要城市内河——慈湖河水系水质改善为案例,开展了4项关键技术研究:1)基于河流网格化水量水质监测的排污口溯源方法,结合反问题方法,确定慈湖河干流污染...     

Methylmercury, total mercury and total selenium in four common freshwater fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China

Snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus argus cantor), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrtix), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are four common freshwater fish species in China. In this study, the level of methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (T-Hg), and total selenium (T-Se) in muscle samples of these four fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China, were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations of MeHg in all the fish species were significantly correlated with those of T-Hg. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations had accumulated in the snakehead fish, which is a strongly predatory fish, than in the other three species. The concentration ratios of MeHg and T-Hg in the muscles of these four fish species were almost equal. Conversely, there was negative correlation between the concentrations of T-Hg and T-Se, which implies that there is a competition between these two elements with respect to bioaccumulation. It is noteworthy that of all the muscle samples tested, the level of T-Hg exceeded the maximum allowable limit in fish [0.4 mg kg⁻¹ (w/w) recommended by the World Health Organization] in 38.46% of those of the silver carp, 18.18% of those of the crucian carp, and 100% of those of snakehead fish. These results show that the consumption of contaminated fish is a potential threat to human health and that necessary preventive measures to safeguard public health should be emphasized.