氮肥与DCD配施对棚室黄瓜土壤NH3挥发损失及N2O排放的影响

以传统水氮管理为对照,进行了优化水氮管理条件下氮肥与DCD配施对大棚黄瓜土壤氨挥发损失及氧化亚氮排放的影响研究.试验结果表明,与传统水氮管理相比,优化水氮管理减少了氮肥用量及灌水量,但黄瓜产量并没有降低.各水氮处理的NH3挥发速率峰值出现在施肥灌水后的第3d,添加DCD的各优化水氮处理与传统水氮处理相比,土壤氨挥发累积量分别减少55.97%、43.68%、66.47%,4次追肥后W2N2+DCD、W2N3+DCD和W2N4+DCD的氨挥发速率峰值与累积量变化范围较小.不同水氮处理的N2O排放通量的峰值均出现在施肥灌水后的第4d,各追肥时期W2N2+DCD、W2N3+DCD和W2N4+DCD处理,土壤N2O排放通量峰值与N2O累计排放量均显著低于传统水氮处理W1N1,并且3个处理之间不存在显著差异,充分表明优化水氮管理中将氮肥与DCD配施对减少N2O排放起到了显著作用.     

镉对河南华溪蟹肝胰腺线粒体自由基代谢的影响

为了探明镉对线粒体自由基代谢的毒性机理,采用急性毒性实验方法,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd2+)对河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanen肝胰腺组织线粒体抗超氧阴离子(O2.-)能力、抑制羟自由基(.OH)产生能力、过氧化氢(H2O2)和一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合成(NOS)活力的影响.具体实验设置5个Cd2+浓度组(7.25、14.50、29.00、58.00和116.00mg.L-1),分别在24、48、72和96h时对自由基代的相关指标进行测定.结果显示,Cd2+对线粒体自由基代谢的影响表现出时间和浓度效应关系.随着Cd2+浓度的增加和处理时间的延长O2.-能力、抑制.OH产生能力逐渐降低,但H2O2含量逐渐增高,NO含量和NOS活力的变化基本趋于一致,即随着Cd2+浓度的增加和处理间的延长先上升后下降.因此,线粒体中抗O2.-和抑制.OH产生能力、H2O2和NO含量及NOS活力可以作为重金属污染水生生物毒性效应指示物.     

东江流域主要支流溶解性有机质污染特征初探

溶解性有机质（DOM）是天然水体的重要组成部分,其组分构成及含量能够反映河流污染特征。研究利用三维荧光光谱技术对2014年3—4月东江流域8条一级支流下游DOM的荧光组分进行分析。通过寻峰法和平行因子分析（PARAFAC）识别出两种类腐殖质组分（Peak A和Peak B）和两种类蛋白质组分（Peak C和Peak D）;并结合常规水质指标,探索各支流的主要污染源,为东江流域水质管理提供科学依据。结果表明：1)东江流域淡水河和石马河两种类蛋白质显著高于其他支流,两种类腐殖质出现缺失现象。2）8条支流样点的DOM中,Peak C、Peak D与各常规水质参数相关性显著,说明东江流域DOM能够较好地反映水质情况。3）东江流域中上游支流自然生境良好,受到人为活动影响强度低。中游支流受农业及工业的双重污染,类腐殖质及类蛋白质的含量较上游河流有显著增加。下游支流受人为活动影响剧烈,河岸带自然生境破坏严重,河岸固化,使得类腐殖质缺失;工业废水及生活污水大量排放,类蛋白质含量显著上升。4）与国内外其他河流相比,东江流域各支流、珠江干流广州河段及河口、辽河流域太子河均呈现以类蛋白质为主要组分,与长江流域以及国外河流存在显著差异,说明东江流域人类产生的有机污染严重,亟须治理。     

佳木斯市水源地源水铁、锰含量超标的原因分析

根据佳木斯市的地质状况及近十年水源地铁、锰的监测数据,分析了佳木斯市各饮用水源地源水铁锰含量超标原因.     

Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.     

A model supported by GIS for locating and quantifying PM2.5 emission originated from residential wood burning

A research method was presented for spatially quantifying and allocating the potential activity of a fine particle matter emission （ PM2.5 ）, which originated from residential wood burning （RWB） in this study. Demographic, hypsographic, climatic and topographic data were compiled and processed within a geographic information system（GIS）, and as independent variables put into a linear regression model for describing spatial distribution of the potential activity of residential wood burning as primary heating source. In order to improve the estimation, the classifications of urban, suburban and rural were redefined to meet the specifications of this application. Also, several definitions of forest accessibility were tested for estimation. The results suggested that the potential activity of RWB was mostly determined by elevation of a location, forest accessibility, urban/non-urban position, climatic conditions and several demographic variables. The linear regression model could explain approximately 86% of the variation of surveyed potential activity of RWB. The analysis results were validated by employing survey data collected mainly from a WebGIS based phone interview over the study area in central California. Based on lots free public GIS data, the model provided an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners and administrators to understand where and how much PM2.5 emission from RWB was contributed to air quality. With this knowledge they could identify regions of concern, and better plan mitigation strategies to improve air quality. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.     

工业挥发性有机物排放控制的有效途径研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）由于易挥发性,其控制途径有别于其他大气污染物.通过对VOCs排放特点的研究,提出了源头控制、有组织排放控制、无组织排放控制和总量控制四类控制途径,并对每类控制途径的控制方式进行了分析比较.     

我国新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗废物收集管理现状分析及对策研究

对全国抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间的医疗废物收集与管理现状进行分析,总结其存在的问题主要包括收集设施缺乏环境生物安全控制标准、基层人员对医疗废物管理不规范、医疗废物应急管理体系不完善等问题.为补齐防范重大公共事件中环境生物风险控制的短板,在现有收集技术、管理趋势的基础上进行分析,提出以下建议:①鼓励研究多种可广泛应用于一般生活垃圾、一般医疗垃圾以及高传染医疗废物,并对人类和生态环境无害的分类收集设施,可将生物安全控制技术融合至废物分类设施.②医疗废物合理规范管理是城市、乡村环境管理中的重点,但对于民用防疫废物的收集和处置方面仍有漏洞,应尽快制订新型冠状病毒类传染病重大公共事件的民用医疗废物管理应急标准.③为了对医废管理流程进行实时监管,可参考“工业互联网”“智慧环保”和“互联网+”,与“5G”技术结合构建“数据闭环-及时监管”数据库来提升收集与管理效率.      

宁夏入黄排水沟中典型内分泌干扰物的污染特征与风险评价

利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱质谱联用仪检测分析了9种典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs)在宁夏入黄排水沟中的污染水平,探讨了其空间分布特征,分析了其来源,并进行了风险评价.结果表明,宁夏入黄排水沟中33个采样点均有EDCs检出,各采样点∑EDCs浓度范围在82.28～1 730.09 ng·L^-1之间.其中,检出浓度最高的两种化合物是E2和OP,浓度最大值分别为1 367.41 ng·L^-1和787.80 ng·L^-1.酚类化合物中双酚A(BPA)和壬基酚(NP)的检出率均达到90%以上,雌激素类化合物中雌酮(E1)和雌三醇(E3)的检出率较高,均为79%.空间分布上,排水沟中∑EDCs浓度平均值呈现出石嘴山市和银川市远高于吴忠市和中卫市的分布特征,入黄口采样点∑EDCs浓度范围为82.28～979.82 ng·L^-1.来源分析显示,宁夏入黄排水沟中BPA主要来自于工业废水和生活污水,OP主要来源于工业废水,E1主要来自于畜禽养殖废水,E3主要来源于生活污水.风险评价结果表明,入黄排水沟中EDCs的生态风险...     

采掘业建设项目环境影响评价相关问题探讨

本文针对采掘业建设项目的环境影响评价的特点,根据在环境影响评价工作中的实际经验,就工程分析、清洁生产和污染防治措施等方面总结了该类环评工作中应注意的一些问题。