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941.
用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一种用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价的方法,并用此方法对乌鲁木齐市的城市综合环境质量进行了评价,取得了较为满意的结果. 相似文献
942.
An expert system for water quality modelling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. G. Booty D. C. L. Lam A. G. Bobba I. Wong D. Kay J. P. Kerby G. S. Bowen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1992,23(1-3):1-18
The RAISON-micro (Regional Analysis by Intelligent System ON a micro-computer) expert system is being used to predict the effects of mine effluents on receiving waters in Ontario. The potential of this system to assist regulatory agencies and mining industries to define more acceptable effluent limits was shown in an initial study. This system has been further developed so that the expert system helps the model user choose the most appropriate model for a particular application from a hierarchy of models. The system currently contains seven models which range from steady state to time dependent models, for both conservative and nonconservative substances in rivers and lakes. The menu driven expert system prompts the model user for information such as the nature of the receiving water system, the type of effluent being considered, and the range of background data available for use as input to the models. The system can also be used to determine the nature of the environmental conditions at the site which are not available in the textual information database, such as the components of river flow. Applications of the water quality expert system are presented for representative mine sites in the Timmins area of Ontario. 相似文献
943.
模糊向量加权记分评价水质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文把模糊综合评判得到的水质模糊等级向量作为权,赋予不同的分值,即模糊向量加权记分,依据评分的高低确定水质级别,宏观上与最大隶属度判别原则判别结果一致,微观上提高了判别灵敏度,从而达到客观评价水环境质量的目的。 相似文献
944.
浅谈建筑材料利用与环境保护 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建筑材料在取材、生产加工、运输、使用和废弃的过程中,排放出大量废水、废气和废渣,对人类的健康造成威胁,产生有害物质,导致大气、水体和土壤污染.因此要开发与生产资源节约型和环保型建筑材料,制定健全的建材环保法规来保护环境. 相似文献
945.
Rong‐Song Chen Lan‐Chieh Pi Cheng‐Cheng Hsieh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):389-402
ABSTRACT: Many automatic calibration processes have been proposed to efficiently calibrate the 16 parameters involved in the four‐layered tank model. The Multistart Powell and Stuffed Complex Evolution (SCE) methods are considered the best two procedures. Two rainfall events were designed to compare the performance and efficiency of these two methods. The first rainfall event is short term and the second designed for long term rainfall data collection. Both rainfall events include a lengthy no‐rainfall period. Two sets of upper and lower values for the search range were selected for the numerical tests. The results show that the Multistart Powell and SCE methods are able to obtain the true values for the 16 parameters with a sufficiently long no‐rainfall period after a rainfall event. In addition, by using two selected objective functions, one based on root mean square error and one based on root mean square relative error criteria, it is found that the no‐rainfall period lengths necessary to obtain the converged true values for the 16 parameters are roughly the same. The SCE method provides a more efficient search based on an appropriate preliminary search range. The Multistart Powell method, on the other hand, leads to more accurate search results when there is no suitable search range selected based on the parameter calibration experience. 相似文献
946.
Zachary H. Bowen Robert G. Waltermire 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(1):33-41
ABSTRACT: LIDAR is relatively new in the commercial market for remote sensing of topography and it is difficult to find objective reporting on the accuracy of LIDAR measurements in an applied context. Accuracy specifications for LIDAR data in published evaluations range from 1 to 2 m root mean square error (RMSEx,y) and 15 to 20 cm RMSEz. Most of these estimates are based on measurements over relatively flat, homogeneous terrain. This study evaluated the accuracy of one LIDAR data set over a range of terrain types in a western river corridor. Elevation errors based on measurements over all terrain types were larger (RMSEz equals 43 cm) than values typically reported. This result is largely attributable to horizontal positioning limitations (1 to 2 m RMSEx,y) in areas with variable terrain and large topographic relief. Cross‐sectional profiles indicated algorithms that were effective for removing vegetation in relatively flat terrain were less effective near the active channel where dense vegetation was found in a narrow band along a low terrace. LIDAR provides relatively accurate data at densities (50,000 to 100,000 points per km2) not feasible with other survey technologies. Other options for projects requiring higher accuracy include low‐altitude aerial photography and intensive ground surveying. 相似文献
947.
William Bowen 《Environmental management》2002,29(1):3-15
This article presents a review of major empirical research on environmental justice. Forty-two empirical research studies
spanning three decades were evaluated and categorized on the basis of how well they meet reasonable scientific standards.
Twelve of those studies are described and critiqued in detail, and an overview of trends in the literature is presented. The
author concludes that the empirical foundations of environmental justice are so underdeveloped that little can be said with
scientific authority regarding the existence of geographical patterns of disproportionate distributions and their health effects
on minority, low-income, and other disadvantaged communities. If environmental managers and policy-makers do not recognize
the high levels of empirical uncertainty surrounding the issue, they are apt to attribute an empirically unwarranted level
of concreteness to the empirical research findings, thus leading to poorly conceptualized and therefore potentially harmful
policy and management decisions. 相似文献
948.
New emergy indices for sustainable development 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The emergy indices for the evaluation of system‘ s sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development(EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases areconducted. The first one is to compare three different dike-pond agro-ecological engineering modes, which are: melon-melon-cabbage-four domestic fishes (mode I ), melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes (mode H ) and melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. ( mode Ⅲ ).The result is that the EISD of mode I is 0.53. Mode Ⅱ‘ s EISD is 5.26 times of mode I ,and mode Ⅲ‘s EISD is 6.83 times of mode I The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000.The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social-economic effect at the same time. 相似文献
949.
950.
Environmental factors affecting growth of grasses,herbs and woody plants on a sanitary landfill 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Environmentalfactorsaffectinggrowthofgrasses,herbsandwoodyplantsonasanitarylandfillLanChongyu;WongMinghung(DepartmentofBiolog... 相似文献