真菌对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶降解过程的转录组分析及差异表达基因的功能分析

采用黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）,4 d后SDM的去除率达74%,降解速率达3.24 mg·L^-1·d^-1.采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解SDM后的菌株与对照组菌株进行测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析,得到的差异表达基因能显著富集到与降解相关的“氧化还原酶活性”途径,及与应激反应有关的“ABC转运体”路径.通过对高表达高上调的差异表达基因的筛选与分析,得到了耐受和降解SDM的功能基因.水通道蛋白、ABC转运蛋白及甲基转运酶基因等在黄孢原毛平革菌对环境的耐受中起到重要的作用.乙醇氧化酶、细胞色素P450和糖苷水解酶等在黄孢原毛平革菌对SDM的降解中起着关键的作用.本文从转录组水平分析了SDM的降解机制,为黄孢原毛平革菌在环境修复中的应用提供一定的参考.     

MCM - 41中孔分子筛对铜离子吸附性能的研究

以MCM-41中孔分子筛（简称MCM-41）为吸附剂,对含Cu^2＋的溶液进行了静态吸附实验。结果表明：MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附量较大,约为283．0mg／g;Cu^2＋的去除率随吸附液pH的增大和吸附温度的升高而增加;MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程的特征;Cu^2＋的吸附过程为自发的吸热吸附过程。     

海平面上升对珠江口水位影响的分析

珠江三角洲水位变化存在着大量不确定性、不精确性,这些特性既具有模糊特征,也具有灰色特征。在分析珠江三角洲灯笼山站年平均水位的变化特征和闸坡站海平面变化趋势的基础上,利用灰关联法分析代表站灯笼山站年平均水位与流量、海平面、潮差等8个因素的关系,年平均水位与影响因素之间的灰关联度均大于0.7,说明各因子对年平均水位均产生显著影响,其中海平面变化与年平均水位的灰关联度为0.736,说明海平面变化是年平均水位的重要影响因素。选取灰关联度较大的（马＋三）流量、闸坡站海平面、灯笼山站的年最高水位、年最低水位、年平均低潮、年平均潮差这6个指标进行主成分分析。结果表明：第一主成分为径流潮汐作用,第二主成分的代表因素为海平面上升,第三主成分的代表因素为年最高水位;其中海平面上升为代表的第二主成分对年平均水位的贡献率为20.1%。因此,海平面上升对灯笼山站年平均水位的影响虽然弱于径流潮汐作用,但其影响也是显著的。     

浅谈高职高专《内科护理学》教学

内科护理学是护理专业的一门重要专业课程,其教学质量的好坏将直接影响学生日后的临床操作水平.教师通过结合临床经验充分调动学生积极性、采用课前复习导入新课,列表比较鉴别,案例教学,肢体语言教学,课后总结,综合评价等多种教学方法不断提高教学效果,培养出真正适应社会需求的高技能人才.参5.     

水库疏浚底泥农用对芥菜生长和品质的影响

疏浚底泥重金属污染是限制底泥农用的主要因素。采用土培盆栽试验,研究了底泥与土壤按不同质量比混合,对芥菜生物量、重金属、硝酸盐、维生素C（Vc）、以及可溶性糖含量的影响;并研究了m（底泥）：m（土壤）=2：1时,施加20mg·kg-1的碳酸钙对土壤有效态重金属含量影响,以及对芥菜生物量和品质的影响。结果表明：加入水库底泥可以显著促进芥菜的生长,随着底泥加入比例的增加,芥菜地上部生物量表现出先上升后降低的趋势,以m（底泥）：m（土壤）=2：1芥菜地上部生物量最高,是对照的1.71倍。底泥处理均能显著地增加芥菜地上部重金属含量,其中以全底泥处理芥菜地上部鲜质量Zn、Cd质量分数最高,分别是53.3、0.595mg·kg-1,是食品卫生标准的2.67、2.98倍。施用底泥可以提高芥菜地上部Vc、降低其硝酸盐含量。在m（底泥）：m（土壤）=2：1的土壤上,施入20mg·kg-1的碳酸钙处理可以显著降低土壤有效态重金属质量分数,有效态Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd质量分数分别下降到对照的58.7%、75.4%、59.8%、44.0%,从而有效地降低了芥菜对重金属的吸收积累,施加碳酸钙处理后,芥菜地上部Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd分别下降66.1%、83.2%、70.5%、53.1%。施加碳酸钙处理不仅可以促进芥菜生长还可以提高芥菜品质,与对照相比施加20mg·kg-1的碳酸钙处理后,芥菜生物量、可溶性糖质量分数、Vc质量分数分别增加了3.2%、6.0%、27.5%,而地上部硝酸盐质量分数降低了24.4%。     

金城山植物群落优势种群的种间关系

采用2×2列联表的χ2检验、Ochiai关联度指数、Pearson 相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验,研究了南充金城山植被24个优势种群共276个种对的种间关联(或相关).结果表明: 1) χ2检验有15个种对呈正相关, 3个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为5.0,其余258种对联结程度不显著; Pearson相关系数检验23个种对正相关, 1个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为23.0,其余252种对联结程度不显著; Spearman秩相关系数检验24个种对呈正相关, 5个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为4.8,其余247种对联结程度不显著; 2)χ2检验只能反映出种对间联结性显著与否,经χ2检验不显著的种对并不意味着其间没有联结性,故只有与Ochiai关联度指数结合,结论才比较合理; 3)与Pearson相关系数检验相比, Spearman相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度; 4) 按照对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素,24个优势种可划分为4个生态种组,同一生态种组内,各种间具有较强的正联结,表明其资源利用方式和生态要求相似,而不同组间联结较为松散,主要是由于它们具有不同的生物学特性,对生境具有不同的生态适应性和相互分离的生态位所致.桤木、千筋树、插田泡、乌蔹莓和小叶菝葜等呈独立分布.图4表4参19     

硅酸盐、腐殖酸对Cr污染土壤中小白菜生理及吸铬量的影响

针对在铬污染区土壤中的叶菜类吸铬量是果菜类2~3倍,以及硅酸盐或腐植酸在重金属污染土壤上的最佳施用量研究较少的问题,为保障蔬菜的品质安全,文章通过土壤盆栽试验,研究硅酸盐、腐殖酸不同用量对Cr污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica Chinensis)生理指标和吸铬量的影响.结果表明,施低质量分数的硅酸盐(1.0 g·kg-1)效果最佳,既能提高受Cr污染小白菜的生物量、叶绿素相对含量,又能减轻Cr毒害对抗氧化酶系统中SOD酶活性的抑制,缓解小白菜受到的过氧化胁迫,有效降低小白菜吸铬量;高质量分数硅酸盐(2.0 g·kg-1)对生长产生抑制.腐殖酸在设计的3个质量分数水平上均不能有效降低小白菜吸铬量,对生长的促进作用也不明显.     

Residue of pentachlorophenol in freshwater sediments and human breast milk collected from the Pearl River Delta, China

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated in freshwater sediments and human breast milk collected from the Pearl River Delta, China. The average level of PCP in river sediments was 7.93 ng/g based on dry weight, ranging from 1.44 to 34.4 ng/g. As to the sediments from fishponds, samples from Zhongshan had the highest PCP levels (37.5 ng/g on average), followed by Dongguan (21.1 ng/g on average) and the least in Shenzhen (3.69 ng/g on average) and Shunde (2.20 ng/g on average). Negative relationship was obtained between the PCP level and pH value in sediment (r=0.553, n=13, p<0.05), while positive relationship was found between the PCP levels and the total organic matter (TOM) levels in sediment (r=0.700, n=17, p<0.01). These results indicated that pH and TOM played important roles during the process of PCP settling down to the sediment. PCP was also detected in human breast milk with an average of 2.15 ng/g. The PCP concentration increased with the age increasing of donors. The estimated PCP body burden for mother, daily and yearly PCP intake of infants ranged from 0.16 to 4.17 mg/person, from 0.26 to 10.23 mug/infant.day and from 0.09 to 3.73 mg/infant.year, respectively.     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project, Taiwan

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

We have studied the photochemical reactions of eight polycyclic aromatics and heteroatom analogs (PAHs). Quantum yields and rate constants in sunlight and at single wavelengths were measured and half-lives of the PAHs as a function of the time of year were calculated. Product studies and the effect of humic acid and oxygen on rates are reported.