热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物

建立了热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物的分析方法,并对色谱分离条件、玻璃针筒保存样品的稳定性、固相微萃取萃取纤维、萃取时间、色谱进样时间等条件进行了优化,9种挥发性有机化合物的峰面积与其质量浓度在所测范围内有较好的线性关系,相对标准偏差＜8.8%,检出限为0.05～0.75 μg/100 mL,满足实际空气样品测定需要。     

生物修复剂在清除海滩石油污染中的应用

介绍了生物修复石油污染海滩时常用的修复剂类型及其特点.当实验室环境条件能较好控制时,生物强化剂一般是有效的;然而污染现场得出的证据不能表明其对生物降解有促进作用.实验室和现场的研究均表明营养型生物促进剂能有效促进石油的生物降解.水溶性营养易被波浪和潮汐冲刷掉;缓释型营养盐面临的主要挑战是如何控制其释放速率,以保证孔隙水中能较长时间维持理想的营养浓度;亲油型肥料中含有有机碳,有可能在微生物降解石油之前被优先降解.建议根据污染环境的特点选用适合的生物促进剂.     

退化土地评价及其生态重建方法研究

本文系统分析了退化土地评价研究的历史和方法，总结了退化土地的主要类型、分布和形成机理，最后概述了退化土地重建领域的研究进展。     

南方冰冻雨雪灾害年的环流及气象要素异常的统计分析

利用NCEP/NCAR的2.5°×2.5°格点的逐日再分析资料,通过分析我国南方19个冰冻雨雪灾害年的36个冰冻雨雪天气个例的环流形势,总结了发生冰冻雨雪天气的4种天气类型:北脊南槽型、乌山脊型、横槽南支型和高纬低涡型,后两种天气类型持续时间长、影响范围广,极易造成南方严重的持续冰冻雨雪灾害;进一步分析南方持续冰雪天气的物理量场和要素场特征,结果表明,对流层低层850~700 hPa辐合中心较垂直上升速度中心提前1~2 d出现,预示低温雨雪增强;冻雨严重年份在700 hPa维持大于0℃的融化层,南支槽前的西南急流为雨雪天气提供了水汽和热量输送,这种配置利于冻雨天气的发展和维持。天气类型的建立及气象要素的统计有利于为南方冰雪灾害天气预测预警服务。     

基于面板数据的研发投入对区域经济增长影响分析

利用长江经济带110个地市1990~2013年RD投入与经济增长水平的相关面板数据,通过单位根检验、协整性检验和面板数据模型,对RD经费投入和人员投入与区域经济增长的影响进行了分析。结果表明:1长江经济带各市的经济增长与RD投入存在长期稳定的关系,RD短期投入对区域经济增长的影响则存在着一定的滞后效应;2RD人员投入产出弹性高于RD经费投入,说明区域经济增长对RD人员的依赖性更大;3RD投入表现出东部地区高于中部地区,中部地区高于西部地区,但RD投入对区域经济增长的影响则表现出中西部大于东部的现象,造成这一现象的原因在于所处发展阶段的不同和东中西区域经济特征不同。最后,从加大RD经费投入强度、制定RD投入中长期计划等方面提出了促进区域经济增长的建议。     

24个CMIP5模式对长江流域模拟能力评估

根据1961~2005年长江流域气象站点的实测月降水量和气温数据,采用第5期全球耦合模式比较计划CMIP5(the Fifth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)中24个全球气候模式(GCM)的模拟结果,通过计算模拟变量和观测变量平均值的相对误差、归一化的均方根误差、时间和空间相关系数,采用M-K趋势分析方法,分别选用在长江流域模拟气温和降水较好的5个模式进行集合平均,从时间的演变规律和空间的分布特征两方面,检验该模式集合对长江流域模拟气温和降水的能力。研究结果表明:各个模式模拟气温的能力要明显好于模拟降水的能力,但模拟气温较好的模式模拟降水的能力并不一定突出;模式集合的结果表明:在时间尺度上,模式集合平均结果与观测值拟合程度较好,且模式集合的结果振荡幅度较观测值小;在空间尺度上,模式集合的空间分布趋势与观测值大致相同,说明采用的模式集合结果用于预估未来长江流域降水的时空分布特征和演变规律是可行的。     

“一带一路”战略背景下的中国省域绿色发展:现状、问题与对策

以绿色发展推动生态文明建设将会是我国长期面临的重大课题。"一带一路"是我国新时期的对外开放国家战略,涵盖范围广泛,涉及国内18个省域和沿线65个国家,研究"一带一路"战略背景下的中国省域绿色发展,意义重大。本文通过对"一带一路"战略的基本回顾认为,建设绿色"一带一路"是促进我国经济绿色转型、消除国际社会担忧、推进战略顺利实施的必然选择。"一带一路"战略涉及国内18个省份之间的环境污染状况和绿色发展水平差异较大,东部沿海省份的经济发展水平远高于中西部省份,绿色发展水平相对领先,但同时污染物排放量也明显较大。本文进一步探讨了我国省域绿色发展过程中存在的四个问题,即中国绿色经济发展整体水平不高、地区间同质化竞争严重、污染性产业向中西部省份梯度转移、生态环境脆弱,并分别给出了相应的对策建议。     

Simultaneous determination of estrogenic odorant alkylphenols,chlorophenols, and their derivatives in water using online headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A simple online headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of nine estrogenic odorant alkylphenols and chlorophenols and their derivatives in water samples. The extraction conditions of HS-SPME were optimized including fiber selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt concentration. Results showed that divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was the most appropriate one among the three selected commercial fibers, and the optimal extraction temperature, time, and salt concentration were 70 °C, 30 min, and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R ²?>?0.989), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002–0.5 μg/L), and excellent recoveries (76–126 %) with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 0.7–12.9 %). The developed method was finally applied to two surface water samples and some of these target compounds were detected. All these detected compounds were below their odor thresholds, except for 2,4,6-TCAS and 2,4,6-TBAS wherein their concentrations were near their odor thresholds. However, in the two surface water samples, these detected compounds contributed to a certain amount of estrogenicity, which seemed to suggest that more attention should be paid to the issue of estrogenicity rather than to the odor problem.     

The fractionation and geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements measured in ambient size-resolved PM in an integrated iron and steelmaking industry zone

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improved understanding of the fractionation and geochemical characteristic of rare earth elements (REEs) from steel plant emissions is important due...     

Association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and the health of newborns

Phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants for the fetus in pregnant rodents, and the ability of phthalates to penetrate the placenta have been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between maternal urine excretion, the exposure of fetus to phthalates in amniotic fluid, and the health of newborns. Amniotic fluid and urine samples from pregnant women were collected to measure five phthalate monoesters using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and the newborns' birth weight, gestational age, and anogenital distance (AGD) were collected. The median levels of three phthalate monoesters in urine and amniotic fluid were 78.4 and 85.2 ng/mL monobutyl phthalate (MBP); 24.9 and 22.8 ng/mL mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); 19.8 and Not Detected monoethyl phthalate (MEP). We found a significant positive correlation only between creatinine adjusted urinary MBP and amniotic fluid MBP (R(2)=0.156, p<0.05) in all infants and, only in female infants, a significantly negative correlation between amniotic fluid MBP, AGD (R=-0.31, p<0.06), and the anogenital index adjusted by birth weight (AGI-W) (R=-0.32, p<0.05). Although the influence of prenatal di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exposure on the endocrinology and physiology of the fetus is still a puzzle, our data clearly show that in utero exposure to phthalates in general has anti-androgenic effects on the fetus.