小麦根系菲与磷吸收及转运的相互作用

作物根系对多环芳烃(PAHs)与磷吸收及转运之间的相互作用研究对农产品的安全生产和PAHs污染环境植物修复的强化具有重要意义。为此,本文以菲为PAHs的代表,采用水培试验研究了不同磷、菲水平下小麦根系菲、磷吸收及其转运的效果,旨在揭示植物根系吸收PAHs与磷素的相互作用。结果表明,在0~1 200μmol·L~(-1)磷浓度范围内,小麦根系、茎叶菲含量在低磷浓度(10μmol·L~(-1))时最高,分别为36.87 mg·kg~(-1)和2.07 mg·kg~(-1);磷含量总体呈现随磷处理浓度的升高而增大的趋势;成对数据t-检验显示无论加菲与否,根系、茎叶磷含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。磷可促进菲从根部向地上部转运,而菲对磷转运没有显著性影响。在低磷浓度下(10μmol·L~(-1)),随着菲浓度的升高,小麦根系、茎叶菲含量呈现显著升高趋势(P0.05)。磷、菲共存处理介质pH升高幅度大于单一处理。     

Simple model of sludge thickening process in secondary settlers

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a secondary settler acts as a clarifier, sludge thickener, and sludge storage tank during peak flows and therefore plays an important role in the performance of the activated sludge process. Sludge thickening occurs in the lower portions of secondary clarifiers during their operation. In this study, by detecting the hindered zone from the complete thickening process of activated sludge, a simple model for the sludge thickening velocity, u _s = aX ^b (a = 0.9925SSVI _3.5, b = 3.541ln(SSVI _3.5)+12.973), describing the potential and performance of activated sludge thickening in the hindered zone was developed. However, sludge thickening in the compression zone was not studied because sludge in the compression zone showed limited thickening. This empirical model was developed using batch settling data obtained from four WWTPs and validated using measured data from a fifth WWTP to better study sludge thickening. To explore different sludge settling and thickening mechanisms, the curves of sludge thickening and sludge settling were compared. Finally, it was found that several factors including temperature, stirring, initial depth, and polymer conditioning can lead to highly concentrated return sludge and biomass in a biologic reactor.     

Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei

New particle formation (NPF) event at multi rural sites in China Identifying the characteristics of NPF event Comparing NPF event between clean and polluted conditions Quantifying contribution to the cloud condensation nuclei Implication of climate and air quality Long-term continuous measurements of particle number size distributions with mobility diameter sizes ranging from 3 to 800 nm were performed to study new particle formation (NPF) events at Shangdianzi (SDZ), Mt. Tai (TS), and Lin’an (LAN) stations representing the background atmospheric conditions in the North China Plain (NCP), Central East China (CEC), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions, respectively. The mean formation rate of 3-nm particles was 6.3, 3.7, and 5.8 cm⁻³·s⁻¹, and the mean particle growth rate was 3.6, 6.0, and 6.2 nm·h⁻¹ at SDZ, TS, and LAN, respectively. The NPF event characteristics at the three sites indicate that there may be a stronger source of low volatile vapors and higher condensational sink of pre-existing particles in the YRD region. The formation rate of NPF events at these sites, as well as the condensation sink, is approximately 10 times higher than some results reported at rural/urban sites in western countries. However, the growth rates appear to be 1–2 times higher. Approximately 12%–17% of all NPF events with nucleated particles grow to a climate-relevant size (>50 nm). These kinds of NPF events were normally observed with higher growth rate than the other NPF cases. Generally, the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration can be enhanced by approximately a factor of 2–6 on these event days. The mean value of the enhancement factor is lowest at LAN (2–3) and highest at SDZ (~4). NPF events have also been found to have greater impact on CCN production in China at the regional scale than in the other background sites worldwide.     

蚯蚓土壤填料生态滤池处理生活污水

采用二级蚯蚓土壤填料生态滤池对生活污水进行处理,考察其对污水中各类污染物的去除效果。连续运行90d,试验结果表明:滤池运行稳定,对COD、TP、NH3-N、TN和SS的去除效果良好,平均去除率分别为78.7%、93.4%、74.9%、60.4%和87.5%,出水满足GB 1898—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准。滤池二级串联结构设计系统稳定,改善了出水水质。蚯蚓在试验初期对滤池环境可较好较快的适应,维持了滤池的稳定运行。土壤生态处理技术工艺简单,兼具经济实用和规模灵活的优点,适合推广。     

蒲河致嗅类VOSCs污染水平与空间分布及其影响因素

为研究蒲河中致嗅类VOSCs(挥发性有机硫化物)的污染水平、空间分布及其影响因素,采用吹扫捕集(P&T)与气相色谱(GC)/火焰光度检测器(FPD)联用方法,测定水样中14种致嗅类VOSCs的质量浓度,采用相关性分析确定水质因子〔ρ(DO)、ρ(NH₃-N)、ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(BOD₅)〕对ρ(∑VOSCs)空间分布的影响. 结果表明:所调查的27个采样点中各目标化合物均有检出,ρ(∑VOSCs)的范围为85.82~1 766.04 ng/L;DMS(甲硫醚)为最主要的污染物,ρ(DMS)平均值为114.29 ng/L,检出率为96.30%,变异系数为0.42. ρ(DO)与ρ(∑VOSCs)显著相关,Pearson相关系数为-0.751,对ρ(∑VOSCs)的空间分布影响最大;其次是ρ(NH₃-N),Pearson相关系数为0.441;ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(∑VOSCs)不相关.      

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.     

基于ANP-DEA的城轨网络应急演练组合评价模型

应急演练综合评价是衡量应急演练效果好坏的关键。以城轨网络应急演练综合评价为研究对象,将城轨网络应急演练划分为演练准备、演练实施、演练总结三个阶段。针对评价指标间存在的关联关系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)进行定量化处理,计算得到各评价指标综合权重,进而得到三个演练阶段的重要度。利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),分别计算三个阶段不同城轨线路应急演练的排序值,结合不同阶段的重要度,构建得到城轨网络应急演练的组合评价模型,实现对城轨网络应急演练效果的综合评价。结合算例,应用ANP-DEA组合模型,对某城轨网络的应急演练效果进行了综合评价。     

城市内涝灾害风险评估及综合应对研究进展

城市内涝灾害风险评估是城市内涝灾害管理,减少内涝灾害损失的有效途径。基于自然灾害风险评估理论,对城市内涝形成机理和风险评估方法进行了概述。从规划、建设和管理三个层面提出应对城市内涝的总体思路和技术框架,并指出相应的关键技术问题。最后,指出未来城市内涝灾害风险评估和综合应对的研究工作重点:①加强城市内涝形成机理的研究;②完善城市内涝灾害风险评估的理论与方法;③构建城市内涝灾害数据库;④城市内涝应对与城市水生态修复相结合。     

断路器并联电容器离子性缺陷介损特性分析

对 JWF150-1500 型和 JWF150-0.0015GHW 型断路器并联电容器进行高压介质损耗试验,发现部分断路器并联电容器随电压升高介损值变化明显,存在离子性缺陷。通过数据和理论分析,解释了断路器并联电容器介质损耗随电压变化的原因及离子性缺陷对断路器并联电容器影响,并提出有效解决措施。结果表明:例行试验与投运前试验时 10 kV 下 tanδ 测量值偏差较大,且高压介损随电压变化下降明显的断路器并联电容器,可认定存在离子性缺陷。