碳纳米管溶胶的制备及其去除水中异狄氏剂的研究

采用强酸表面氧化法对碳纳米管表面进行处理,促进碳纳米管在水中的分散,制备碳纳米管溶胶,用于去除水中低浓度持久性有机污染物异狄氏剂.扫描电镜观测表明,氧化后的碳纳米管团簇被分散开,碳纳米管被打断.碳纳米管溶胶对异狄氏剂的吸附性能研究表明,制备的碳纳米管溶胶对异狄氏剂吸附去除效能优于原始碳纳米管,优化的pH值为6,此时碳纳米管溶胶对18μg/L异狄氏剂去除率达到100%;水中的腐殖质提高了吸附去除效能;碳纳米管溶胶对异狄氏剂的吸附等温线呈线性,碳纳米管溶胶的吸附性能优于原始碳纳米管吸附性能.吸附去除后,溶胶态碳纳米管以0.05 mmol/L氯化铝从水中沉淀分离.     

广州不同环境空气PM2.5中金属元素污染特征与风险评价

根据2015年广州城区磨碟沙、内陆郊区天湖和近海郊区万顷沙不同环境空气PM_2.5中金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、As等23种)监测数据,分析其污染特征与富集程度,并评估潜在生态风险和健康风险,为大气污染风险防控提供支持。结果显示:广州大气PM_2.5中金属K、Na、Fe、Ca、Al和Zn含量相对较高。总元素浓度总体呈冬季最高、夏季最低的特征,且随PM_2.5污染加重而升高,但总元素在PM_2.5中的占比下降。Cd、Se、Zn、Cu、Mo、Pb和Na富集严重(富集因子>100),体现了人类活动的重要影响,磨碟沙城区站富集因子通常高于另2个站点。广州大气总金属元素潜在生态危害程度为"很强",Cd贡献为主,Pb、Cu和As元素贡献分别在天湖、磨碟沙和万顷沙位列第二。As、Cr和Mn是大气金属元素健康风险的主要贡献者;磨碟沙的总致癌效应风险高于万顷沙和天湖,但万顷沙的总非致癌效应风险最高。     

Toxicity of cypermethrin and deltamethrin insecticides on embryos and larvae of Physalaemus gracilis (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is important to establish the toxicity pesticides against non-target species, especially those pesticides used in commercial formulations....     

Screening of new adsorbents to remove algal organic matter from aqueous solutions: kinetic analyses and reduction of disinfection by-products formation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The algal organic matter (AOM) is a problem in water treatment. Although the adsorption process is extensively applied to drinking water treatment,...     

Rehabilitation and improvement of Guilin urban water environment：Function-oriented management

Economic development and population growth have deeply damaged the urban water environment of Guilin City, China. Main problems involved structural damage and functional deterioration of the urban waters. An integrated technical scheme was developed to rehabilitate the urban water environment and to enhance the waters' functions during 1998-2008. Improvement of waters' functions included water system reconstruction, water pollution control, water safety assurance, and aquatic ecological restoration. The water system was reconstructed to connect different waters and clean water supplies to the lakes. Moreover, water pollution was controlled to improve water quality by endogenous pollutant elimination and extraneous pollutant interception. In addition, ecological measures put in place serve to enhance water system functions and better benefit both nature and humans. The project has brought about sound ecological, economic and social benefits in Guilin City, which can potentially be extended to similar cities.     

硫酸铁氧化物的表征及其对重金属吸附作用的研究

根据酸性矿山废水污染河流的特征，着重研究了硫酸铁溶液中和沉淀生成的无定形氧化铁颗粒的表面特性及其对重金属离子的吸附作用，并以硝酸铁溶液中和沉淀生成的无定形氧化铁颗粒作对比，同时应用表面络合反应关系求取了该颗粒的表面络合反应的基本特征参数，最后采用简化的表面络合模式计算了该氧化铁颗粒表面与重金属离子，如Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋和Ｐｂ＾２＋结合的表面络合形成条件稳定常数。     

The chemical stability of heavy metals in a natural water system

A comprehensive investigation of heavy metal pollutants in Xiangjiang river was accomplished to evaluate their chemical stability through three different ways: (1) Chemical speciation by direct measurements; (2) Chemical equilibrium model simulation; (3) Sediment extraction experiments. All the results demonstrated that the directly bioavailable fraction was in a very limited amount. The metal bound to organic ligands, adsorbed particles and precipitated species presented a buffer for solution species. The majority of metals occured in the residues as solid particulates. It was inferred that the heavy metal pollutants in this aquatic system exhibited a high chemical stability. The critical limits of discharging load and pH values were suggested.     

用模糊数学方法分析长江、淮河、黄河、海滦河流域丰枯遭遇

我国北方干旱、南方湿润,地表径流分布又极不均匀,使得跨流域引水成为解决北方干旱的重大措施,已经设计并实施的南水北调东线工程及规划的中线初期引汉调水方案,都将涉及到被调水流域与受水流域及所通过水系流域的水文情势变化,它不仅影响调水线路的选择及调水量的确定,还直接或间接地影响着调水建筑物过水能力的设计。作为南水北调的基础研究,我们除用常规方法外,并用模糊数学方法进一步分析了长江、淮河、黄河及海滦河四大流域年径流量的丰枯遭遇。     

管材无模成形温度场的数值模拟及分析

采用有限单元法并结合有限元分析软件 ,对管材无模成形时管材温度场进行数值模拟研究 ,得到管材无模拉伸变形过程中温度场分布规律 ,并对影响温度场的因素加以分析 ,如冷热源间距、冷热源移动速度、加载时间分别对温度场分布的影响 ,该模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。     

高浓度复合型聚铁硅絮凝剂PFSS和PSFS的形态分布研究

采用紫外分光光度法、逐时络合比色法和红外图谱从不同角度对高浓度聚合硫酸铁硅和聚合硅酸铁的形态分布及转化规律进行了探讨。紫外吸收表明，聚铁硅絮凝剂中主要以Fe（OH）2^＋、Fe2（OH）2^4＋等二聚体为主，而且还有三聚体或其他聚合形态的存在；逐时络合分析显示，复合型聚铁硅体系中硅形态以Si（c）为主，铁形态以Fe（a）和Fe（c）为主；红外图谱证实高浓度聚铁硅是以羟桥为主结构连接的高分子复合物，在1100cm^-1附近M-OH-M的振动证明有铁羟基及其聚合态存在，且其形态区别于PFS。