石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价

为揭示污水灌溉对土壤环境质量的影响,本研究以石家庄市污灌区为例,对其表层土壤重金属Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定分析,按照单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境背景值标准进行了评价,并应用克里格插值方法对研究区内表层土壤污染的空间变异特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中各重金属均有超过背景值现象;其中Cd含量远高于土壤背景值,为主要污染因子,Hg为次要污染因子,Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn基本上为轻度污染,As处于清洁状态;污染综合指数均大于1,处于轻度污染以上等级;各种金属单因子污染指数和综合指数在研究区的分布特点各不相同,总体上形成以东明渠、洨河主河道为中心逐渐向两边递减的污染分布状态,中度污染及严重污染将近占研究区总面积的一半以上。     

煤炭企业节能减排问题与对策

通过对煤炭企业能耗状况和排污状况的分析,指出煤炭企业节能减排的紧迫性,并从人才紧缺、企业管理与节能减排工作脱节等方面分析了煤炭企业节能减排工作面临的问题,提出应发展循环经济,通过技术创新、管理创新、提高全员素质,促进煤炭企业节能减排。     

喷淋粘结剂在运煤列车中的应用探讨

煤炭在铁路运输过程中扬尘量大,喷淋粘结剂对控制煤炭扬尘具有积极作用,能有效减少煤炭在运输过程中的损失,减轻环境污染,消除对客货列车造成的安全隐患。本文较系统地论述了目前喷淋粘结剂在运煤列车中的研究开发现状,探讨了粘结剂开发与设计的技术思路和研究方向。     

关于高等学校引入低碳教育的思考

全球气候变化问题日益受到全人类的关注,国际社会加快了温室气体减排,发展低碳经济的步伐。解决气候变暖问题,发展低碳经济,实现可持续发展,必须通过低碳教育培养全民的低碳意识。大学生是传播低碳理念和实践低碳发展的生力军,提高大学生的低碳意识有利于提高全民族的低碳意识。为此,高校必然成为进行低碳教育的重要阵地。高等学校应在课程设置、学生生活实践以及学校管理等诸多方面贯彻低碳教育的理念。     

悬浮物对半滑舌鳎稚鱼的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度悬浮物对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevisG櫣nther)浮游阶段和伏底阶段稚鱼的急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,悬浮物对浮游阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为588.2 mg/L(518.7~666.9 mg/L)和488.7 mg/L(428.6~557.2 mg/L),安全浓度(SC)为48.87 mg/L;水温(tw)为23℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为3 034.6 mg/L(2769.8~3324.8 mg/L)和2117.2 mg/L(1932.1~2320.1 mg/L),SC为211.72mg/L;tw为26℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为1684.0 mg/L(1543.4~1837.3 mg/L)和1657.1 mg/L(1522.7~1803.4 mg/L),SC为165.71 mg/L。     

基于可分离性指数的溢油图像定量分析

鉴于许多溢油监测技术都缺少量化指标,为了评价溢油监测方法,提出一种基于数学统计模型的评价指数——可分离性指数SI,通过对TM影像的处理,验证了利用油膜光谱曲线确定溢油监测通道的可行性,评价了几种图像增强的方法,得出高斯拉伸与直方图均衡化增强处理较佳,并经过反复试验建立数学描述性评价指标。结果证明该指数能够有效评价溢油监测方法。     

化工生产企业员工提高业务素质和安全技能的探讨

针对当前化工生产企业的安全现状,分析了化工生产企业当前存在的问题及其原因,并探讨了应对这些问题的相应对策,以促进员工业务素质和安全技能水平的提高,激发员工"关爱安全,关爱生命"的本能意识。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The organic matter in tropospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes. The bulk of organic matter, representing a significant proportion of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass, is bound to polymeric material whose structure and properties are largely unknown. Here we used thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Td- GC/MS) to study organic compounds of low molecular mass and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to characterize the chemical structure of macromolecules in TSP samples collected in di erent seasons from di erent sites in Guangzhou. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and nitriles were the predominant compounds in the thermodesorption products, whereas aromatics, fatty acids, nitriles and n-alkanes/alkenes were the major compounds in the pyrolysates. The results indicated that aromatics were main units in macromolecules. The fatty acids and nitriles formed from carboxylic ammonium salts were detected in both thermodesorption products and pyrolysates at a certain concentration, indicating the importance of these compounds in TSP formation. The TSP source mainly determined the occurrence of compounds in samples from urban, suburban and forest sites, whereas the TSP source and formation process maybe controlled the seasonal variation in compounds detected. High levels of nitriles in summer samples from suburban and forest sites coincide with the release of ammonium from the land and of fatty acids from vegetation at these sites.