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排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 890 毫秒
51.
Ramos AS Gonçalves F Antunes SC Nunes B 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):512-519
This study characterizes the cholinesterasic forms present in the bivalve Corbicula fluminea, through the analysis of differential affinity towards various substrates and inhibitors. This approach also permitted the validation of cholinesterase inhibition in the mentioned species for monitoring purposes by evaluating the inhibitory activity of a detergent (SDS) and a pesticide (chlorfenvinphos), both in vitro and in vivo. The cholinesterasic form present in the tissues of C. fluminea showed intermediate properties in terms of its relation with substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, it was not inhibited by the detergent SDS under any of the test conditions, but was clearly inhibited by the selected organophosphate. The data show clearly that the main cholinesterasic form in C. fluminea is responsive to the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos, thus supporting the use of this biomarker for the environmental monitoring of specific contaminants such as anticholinesterasic pesticides. Despite not being commonly attained in the wild, the levels of chlorfenvinphos required to elicit a significant ChE inhibition were only one order of magnitude above actual values of aquatic contamination by this pesticide. 相似文献
52.
Rivera M Zechmeister H Medina-Ramón M Basagaña X Foraster M Bouso L Moreno T Solanas P Ramos R Köllensperger G Deltell A Vizcaya D Künzli N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):954-962
One monitoring station is insufficient to characterize the high spatial variation of traffic-related heavy metals within cities. We tested moss bags (Hylocomium splendens), deployed in a dense network, for the monitoring of metals in outdoor air and characterized metals’ long-term spatial distribution and its determinants in Girona, Spain. Mosses were exposed outside 23 homes for two months; NO2 was monitored for comparison. Metals were not highly correlated with NO2 and showed higher spatial variation than NO2. Regression models explained 61-85% of Cu, Cr, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn and 72% of NO2 variability. Metals were strongly associated with the number of bus lines in the nearest street. Heavy metals are an alternative traffic-marker to NO2 given their toxicological relevance, stronger association with local traffic and higher spatial variability. Monitoring heavy metals with mosses is appealing, particularly for long-term exposure assessment, as mosses can remain on site many months without maintenance. 相似文献
53.
Ana S. Ramos Fernando Gonçalves Sara C. Antunes Bruno Nunes 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):512-519
This study characterizes the cholinesterasic forms present in the bivalve Corbicula fluminea, through the analysis of differential affinity towards various substrates and inhibitors. This approach also permitted the validation of cholinesterase inhibition in the mentioned species for monitoring purposes by evaluating the inhibitory activity of a detergent (SDS) and a pesticide (chlorfenvinphos), both in vitro and in vivo. The cholinesterasic form present in the tissues of C. fluminea showed intermediate properties in terms of its relation with substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, it was not inhibited by the detergent SDS under any of the test conditions, but was clearly inhibited by the selected organophosphate. The data show clearly that the main cholinesterasic form in C. fluminea is responsive to the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos, thus supporting the use of this biomarker for the environmental monitoring of specific contaminants such as anticholinesterasic pesticides. Despite not being commonly attained in the wild, the levels of chlorfenvinphos required to elicit a significant ChE inhibition were only one order of magnitude above actual values of aquatic contamination by this pesticide. 相似文献
54.
Margarida Nunes Anaïs Vernisseau Philippe Marchand Bruno Le Bizec Fernando Ramos Miguel A. Pardal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):9396-9407
Superficial sediments collected from seven estuarine systems located along the Portuguese coast were analyzed for 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). Total PCDD/F concentration ranged from 4.6 to 464 pg g?1 dry weight (dw), while that of dl-PCBs varied from 26.6 to 8,693 pg g?1 dw. In general, the highest PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations were associated with densely populated and industrially impacted areas. Additionally, PCDD/F revealed a predominance of octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) to total PCDD/Fs, while PCB 118 was the major contributor to total dl-PCBs. This study provided a global perspective of the contamination status of Portuguese estuaries by dioxin-like compounds and allowed a comparison between the investigated systems and other systems worldwide. PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels found in the collected sediments were lower than those of highly impacted areas from different parts of the globe. Nevertheless, comparison with guidelines and quality standards from other countries indicated that some Portuguese estuarine areas with a high industrialization level present PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in superficial sediment that may constitute a risk to aquatic organisms. 相似文献
55.
Loraine C.V. Jacobs Patricio Peralta-Zamora Francinete Ramos Campos Roberto Pontarolo 《Chemosphere》2013,90(4):1552-1557
In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous microcystin-LR was studied using TiO2 and ZnO as photocatalysts. The process was optimised and characterised at the bench scale (200 mL); both semiconductors exhibited a high degradation capacity at reaction times of 1 min (degradation greater than 95%). The transient species that were observed indicate that the degradation occurs via the multiple hydroxylation and elimination of the labile peptide residues of the molecule. When photocatalysis was applied in a continuous treatment system (20–50 L), the photocatalytic process exhibited a high degradation efficiency, which resulted in residual microcystin-LR concentrations that were less than 1 μg L?1 (C0 = 5 μg L?1). 相似文献
56.
Filipe R. Ceia Vitor H. Paiva Stefan Garthe João C. Marques Jaime A. Ramos 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1861-1872
This study tested for fluctuations on short-term consistency (within about 1 month) in the isotopic niche of a pelagic seabird species. Short-term consistency in the isotopic niche was assessed using a wide-ranging apex predator, the Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea, along a 3-year study (2010–2012), during both the pre-laying and chick-rearing periods, with markedly inter- and intra-annual differences in the foraging spatial distribution at sea and isotopic niche width. We used individual movement data and stable isotope data, analysed using recent metrics based in a Bayesian framework, of 69 adults breeding on a small neritic island in the North Atlantic (39°24′N, 009°30′W). As expected, our results confirm that isotopic niche expansion could arise via increased variation in spatial distribution at sea among individuals. Results suggest fluctuations on short-term consistency in the isotopic niche of Cory’s shearwaters related to their different foraging patterns among periods and, ultimately, to presumably temporal changes in the availability and predictability of food resources. Short-term consistency in the isotopic niche was higher and persistent during periods when the population showed an intermediate isotopic niche width and absent when isotopic niche was either smaller or larger during the study period. These results suggest that consistency in the isotopic niche is an important characteristic of this population during the breeding period that may fluctuate depending on resources availability and should be important to understand the dynamics of foraging ecology of pelagic seabirds in general. 相似文献
57.
M. C. González-González M. J. Trujillo M. Rodríguez de Alba M. García-Hoyos I. Lorda-Sánchez J. Díaz-Recasens C. Ayuso C. Ramos 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(3):232-234
The discovery of fetal DNA in maternal plasma from early pregnancies has led to new opportunities for clinical application. In the last few years there have been numerous reported applications, mainly fetal gender and RhD genotyping. The prenatal diagnosis of some inherited genetic diseases such as Huntington disease is also very frequently required in the prenatal diagnosis routine. We have successfully diagnosed, with a non-invasive procedure, an unaffected HD fetus at the 13th week of gestation using fetal DNA from maternal plasma and the quantitative fluorescent PCR method, which is one of the most sensitive ways to detect fetal DNA in maternal plasma at such an early time of gestation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Floods in southern Portugal: their physical and human causes,impacts and human response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ramos Catarina Reis Eusébio 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2002,7(3):267-284
Floods have been the most deadlynatural disasters in Portugal during the lastcentury, followed by earthquakes. The typeof flood known as a `progressive flood'mainly affects the larger basins, such asthat of the Tagus River, and results in alarge inundated area. These floods arecaused by heavy rains associated with awesterly zonal circulation that may persistfor weeks. The system of dams within thebasin reduces the frequency of flooding,but cannot `tame' the river. The dam systemhas even contributed to an increase in thepeak flow, as in the 1979 flood.Nevertheless, these floods are not a dangerfor the human population. In contrast, flashfloods are more dangerous and deadlier thanprogressive floods, as demonstrated in 1967and 1997. They affect the small drainagebasins and are caused by heavy andconcentrated rainfall, created byconvective depressions (active cold poolsor depressions caused by the interactionbetween polar and tropical air masses),active in the south of the country, in theLisbon region, Alentejo and the Algarve.Deforestation, soil impermeability, chaoticurbanization, building on floodplains, theblockage of small creeks or theircanalisation, and the building of walls andtransverse embankments along the smallcreeks all contribute to the aggravation ofthis kind of flood. 相似文献
59.
Feasibility of three different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in butter is discussed. The method based on liquid-liquid extraction with water of the non fatty solids from butter dissolved in hexane was found to be the most efficient for the determination of the lipid content and the levels of the investigated pollutants. This method was used to evaluate the background levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in butters commercially available in Spain. Broad ranges of PCB, specifically, PCDD and PCDF concentrations were found in the different brands analysed. Levels, profiles and patterns of these pollutants in butter were compared with those previously reported for different Spanish dairy products. The toxic tetra-equivalents of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (1-TEQ) averages for PCDDs and PCDFs in the 21 butter samples analysed were 0.41 and 0.70 pg/g fat basis, respectively. These values were similar or lower than those cited in the literature for other countries. 相似文献
60.
Glyphosate adsorption on soils of different characteristics. Influence of copper addition 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Results of glyphosate (GPS) adsorption on three soils of different characteristics show that the interaction of this pesticide with the soils was not related to their CEC and clay minerals content, but to the content of iron and aluminum amorphous oxides and organic matter. The presence of Cu in treatment solutions enhanced GPS adsorption, due to several reasons: GPS coordinates strongly to Cu, and Cu GPS complexes formed seem to have higher ability to be adsorbed on the soil than free GPS; GPS adsorption can take place on sites where Cu was previously adsorbed, acting as a bridge between the soil and GPS; when Cu was present the solution pH decreased, and GPS adsorption increased, since lower pHs lead to the formation of GPS species with lower negative charge, which are adsorbed more easily on the negatively charged soil surfaces. 相似文献