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91.
Melissa Hughes Stephen Nowicki William A. Searcy Susan Peters 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,42(6):437-446
One hypothesis for the function of song repertoires is that males learn multiple song types so that they may share songs
with neighbors, allowing them to match during territorial interactions. In at least one song sparrow population, in Washington,
territorial males share a high proportion of song types with their neighbors and use these shared songs in matching. We recorded
song sparrows in Pennsylvania and quantified sharing of whole songs and song segments. We found that song sharing is an order
of magnitude less common in the Pennsylvania population. We found sharing of song segments to be significantly more common
than the sharing of whole songs in three of the five fields we examined, while we found no significant differences between
whole and partial song sharing in the remaining two fields. Finally, we found no evidence that sharing is greater between
birds in the same field compared to birds in different fields. Taken with the data from Washington song sparrows, these results
provide evidence for intraspecific geographic variation in the organization of song repertoires, and suggest that song sharing
has not been a strong selective force in the evolution of song repertoires in song sparrows as a species. Furthermore, Washington
and Pennsylvania song sparrows differ in how they learn song, in that Washington birds copy whole songs, while Pennsylvania
birds appear to copy and recombine song segments, as has been found in laboratory studies of song learning. Thus both song
learning and the function of song repertoires differ between populations of song sparrows. Such intraspecific geographic variation
offers a unique opportunity to explore the ecological and historical factors which have influenced the evolution of song.
Received: 30 June 1997 / Accepted after revision: 8 March 1998 相似文献
92.
Melissa Nursey-Bray 《Local Environment》2017,22(2):156-171
Conflict is an important factor in ongoing climate change debates and its role in management is under increasing scrutiny. In this paper, I present the results of an advanced discourse analysis that analyses trends in the relationship between conflict and climate change. I present two primary discourses dominate discussion: (i) climate as a security risk and (ii) climate as one of many factors affecting power relations that may lead to conflict. Both narratives implicitly or explicitly discuss climate conflict as a cause–outcome relationship, and further primarily construct conflict and climate change within normative frames. Yet, conflict has transformative potential and can be incorporated into management in ways that harness its capacity to drive innovation and lead to more robust and just adaptive governance. I argue for a shift in the discursive frame from a cause– outcome-oriented approach to a process-driven approach, one that treats conflict as an integral part of adaptive governance processes, thus being more just and equitable. Such a shift in focus can lead to positive on ground climate adaptation outcomes, in ways that respect rather than are counter-intuitive to dominant political and societal imbalances and institutional structures. 相似文献
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Social learning can be a vital tool in assisting communities to adapt to change. Local governments can be a conduit between the communities they serve and the policy that they are trying to implement. Social learning in this context can be an iterative, often organic process. Based on a case study of coastal planning in South Australia, Australia, this paper presents the results of a qualitative mixed-method approach that documents the aspects of social learning within coastal management and evaluates the various lessons learned by local governments in South Australia. The role of social learning and adaptive governance is discussed. The paper concludes that by deliberatively incorporating the notion of communities of practice into learning frameworks, local governments can more effectively manage their coastal zones in response to global change. 相似文献
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Paulo Rogério Miranda Correia Bruno Xavier do Valle Melissa Dazzani Maria Elena Infante-Malachias 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(7):678-685
Scientific literacy can be considered as a new demand of post-industrial society. It seems necessary in order to foster education for sustainability throughout students' academic careers. Universities striving to teach sustainability are being challenged to integrate a holistic perspective into a traditional undergraduate curriculum, which aims at specialization. This new integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary epistemological approach is necessary to cultivate autonomous citizenship, i.e., that each citizen be prepared to understand and participate in discussions about the complex contemporary issues posed by post-industrial society. This paper presents an epistemological framework to show the role of scientific literacy in fostering education for sustainability. We present a set of 26 collaborative concept maps (CCmaps) in order to illustrate an instance of theory becoming practice. During a required course for first-year undergraduate students (ACH 0011, Natural Sciences), climate change was presented and discussed in broad perspective by using CCmaps. We present students' CCmaps to show how they use concepts from quantitative and literacy disciplines to deal with the challenges posed by the need of achieving a sustainable development. 相似文献
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Perspectives on the Use of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management in Cleveland and Milwaukee 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Melissa Keeley Althea Koburger David P. Dolowitz Dale Medearis Darla Nickel William Shuster 《Environmental management》2013,51(6):1093-1108
Green infrastructure is a general term referring to the management of landscapes in ways that generate human and ecosystem benefits. Many municipalities have begun to utilize green infrastructure in efforts to meet stormwater management goals. This study examines challenges to integrating gray and green infrastructure for stormwater management, informed by interviews with practitioners in Cleveland, OH and Milwaukee WI. Green infrastructure in these cities is utilized under conditions of extreme fiscal austerity and its use presents opportunities to connect stormwater management with urban revitalization and economic recovery while planning for the effects of negative- or zero-population growth. In this context, specific challenges in capturing the multiple benefits of green infrastructure exist because the projects required to meet federally mandated stormwater management targets and the needs of urban redevelopment frequently differ in scale and location. 相似文献
100.
Upper tract dilatation presenting as renal pelvis dilatation with or without ureteric dilatation is one of the more common abnormalities detected on prenatal ultrasound scanning. The majority of cases are due to pelvi-ureteric and vesico-ureteric junction anomalies, and vesico-ureteric reflux. Prenatal diagnosis with ultrasound may be aided by biochemical analysis of fetal blood and urine. The natural history of prenatally detected abnormalities remains under review. Precise diagnosis, and therefore prognosis, may not be made until after birth. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献