基于改进成功流法的消防系统可靠性研究

在多信号输入系统的可靠性研究中,传统GO法存在计算复杂、易出现误差和遗漏的缺点。将卡诺图化简法引入传统GO运算,利用其“合并同项,简化运算”的特点构建研究多信号输入系统可靠性的新GO模型。将其应用于预作用喷水灭火系统,对具有多启动方式的给水泵进行可靠性分析,并与事件树运算结果比较,证明新GO模型适用于具有多信号输入系统的可靠性研究。研究表明,通过采取措施降低多信号元器件故障概率可以提高系统整体可靠性。     

跨海大桥主墩桩基钢护筒腐蚀损伤识别

跨海大桥主墩桩基施工过程中采用的钢护筒被保留作为桩基的外层,容易受到海洋环境的腐蚀破坏。提出一种基于插值曲率模态指纹库比对的桩基损伤识别方法,为解决测试数据不完备的问题,采用三次样条函数几何插值得到扩展后的桩基振型,然后在扩展振型的基础上采用中心差分计算得到曲率模态指标。以金塘大桥为工程背景,建立索塔-基础多尺度有限元模型,考虑海水腐蚀造成桩基钢护筒局部损失情况,以损失减薄区域的位置、轴向长度、深度为损伤参数,设置多种损伤工况样本,计算并建立基于插值曲率模态的桩基损伤识别指纹库,最后通过指纹库以外损伤工况与库内样本比对的方式,验证损伤识别效果。研究表明,为保证三次样条函数几何插值得到扩展振型对真实振型的拟合精度,至少需要沿桩基均布6个位移插值点。通过指纹库比对,能够准确识别桩基钢护筒减薄区域的位置与轴向长度。     

预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

Impact of work boots and load carriage on the gait of oil rig workers

Effects of work boots and load carriage (6.4?kg and 12.8?kg) on gait pattern were investigated. The protective work boots were examined by comparison with running shoes through human performance tests with 15 male participants. The loads were carried symmetrically and asymmetrically on the shoulder and hand. Statistical data analysis showed a prolonged stance phase and decreased double support for work boots. A significantly increased ground reaction force was found in work boot conditions as the weight of loads increases. This study demonstrates that inflexible and heavy work boots restrict foot movement and require greater torque at the ankle to propel the body forward, which may increase physical strain and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Development of improved fixation methods for work boots, increased use of flexible protective layers and further study of anthropometry of human foot morphology for improved safety and work efficiency of industry workers are suggested.     

论以市场为主导的生态补偿法律制度

通过对政府补偿模式与市场补偿模式的比较协调来分析生态补偿市场化制度的合理逻辑性,结合浙江生态补偿实践经验及存在的诸如法律位阶不高、补偿形式单一、资金来源狭窄等问题,进一步提出了完善立法、以“造血型”生态补偿为主的补偿方式、拓宽生态补偿资金来源等完善生态补偿市场化的合理建议。     

在有机废水处理领域内的CDM项目分析

介绍清洁发展机制(CDM)的主要内容及国内外在废水领域的温室气体的排放现状。同时结合国内废水领域的温室气体的排放情况,以《中华人民共和国气候变化初始国家信息通报》的数据为基础,分析了CDM项目的经济、能源和环境效益。     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and cytochrome P4501A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase （EROD） activity and its correlation with cytochrome P4501A （CYP1A） protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP （10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively） or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP （0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively） every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second intraperitoneal injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites （100 ng/L） was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity （1000 ng/L）. The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.     

中国西部城镇化可持续发展路径的探讨

基于对中国西部地区城镇化进程的调研,本文探讨了西部地区城镇化可持续发展的路径,结合西部地区的现状与西部地区城镇发展的历史趋势,分析了中国西部地区城镇化发展的需求,阐析了其城镇化进程中的环境压力与阻力,提出了促进中国西部城镇化可持续发展的政策建议.目前,西部地区整体城镇化水平滞后,各省(区)间的城镇化发展水平极不均衡.而社会经济发展水平对于城镇化具有很大的促进作用,故未来相当一段时间内,西部地区社会经济发展是其区域城镇化进程的主要动力,同时西部地区尚处于城镇化与工业化发展的正相关期,工业化水平的提升对西部地区城镇化进程的推动作用不容小觑.城镇化进程的不断加快和工业化的快速推进过程中,西部地区本就脆弱的生态环境存在进一步遭受损失与破坏的威胁.这些将会导致西部地区生态环境状况的恶化转而成为其城市化的严重制约,给当地经济可持续发展造成一定程度的影响.据此,文中提出建议,未来西部城镇化建设过程中,应推行“二元”城镇化发展战略,增强中心城镇的辐射带动作用,培育中小城市和特色鲜明的小城镇;进一步完善西部城镇基础设施水平,以各级政府支持管理为先导和主导,尝试采用“公私营合作”(PPP)融资模式,重点推进交通及通讯设施建设;构建长期稳定的绿色城镇发展战略,推进城市绿色文化、建设绿色城市,筹措西部地区绿色城镇发展基金、发展城市绿色产业;立足功能分区并结合城镇化战略格局优化城镇化发展,依托国家主体功能区划优化城镇化发展格局,结合“两横三纵”城镇化战略格局推进城市群建设.     

Developing Mechanism of Rubber-tea-chicken Agro-forestry Model in Tropical Area of China

Abstract

As a typical tropical agro-forestry ecosystem in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, rational mechanisms of the rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model were studied with the Solow technological level index, stability indicator, harmonizing coefficient, grey correlation coefficient and production dominance. This study focused on rational hierarchical structure, the limiting factors and optimal strategies of the model development based on model structure, resource conditions and external market demands. Results showed that rational mechanism of the rubber-tea-chicken ecosystem model mainly included technological contributions, leverage function of dominance component (livestock husbandry), stability of the model structure and harmony of its components, the model dominant product’s market demand and government’s supporting policies. The contributions of fund, technology, information and talent resources played an important role in improving sustainability and productivity of the agro-forestry model.