拉萨市水资源利用及其保护对策

水是重要的自然资源,是人类生存的生命线,也是城市发展的生命线。拉萨市是西藏自治区的政治、经济、文化中心,水资源的合理利用对拉萨市乃至西藏自治区的社会发展具有举足轻重的作用。本文就拉萨市水资源利用过程中所出现的水资源浪费、水污染、水资源管理制度不合理等问题进行了初步分析,并提出了加大节约用水宣传力度、提高全民节水意识、加强水资源的监测和水污染的监控与治理、依法管理水资源、开展生态环境保护工作、合理利用水资源等水资源的保护措施和对策。     

国外大型油轮油气排放控制技术及建议

简述了国际上先进油轮油气控制排放的主要措施及特点,对我国现有码头油船装载过程中油气排放特点做了分析,在此基础上,提出改进目前码头油气吸附法工艺流程的建议.     

催化剂生产企业粉尘危害分析与治理技术探讨

分析了催化剂生产企业粉尘危害,介绍了生产性粉尘治理技术及其应用效果。     

Photo-induced transformations of Hg(Ⅱ) species in the presence of Nitzschia hantzschiana,ferric ion,and humic acid

Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) using the irradiation of metal halide lamps (λ 365 nm, 250 W) were investigated. The photoreduction rate of Hg(Ⅱ) was found to increase with increasing concentrations of algae, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, and humic acid. Alteration of pH value affected the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution with or without algae. The photoreduction rate of Hg(II) decreased with increasing initial Hg(Ⅱ) concentration in aqueous solution in the presence of algae. The photochemical kinetics of initial Hg(Ⅱ) and algae concentrations on the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) were studied at pH 7.0. The study on the total Hg mass balance in terms of photochemical process revealed that more than 42% of Hg(Ⅱ) from the algal suspension was reduced to volatile metallic Hg under the conditions investigated.     

中国石化HSE管理系统的现场实施方案探讨

阐述了中国石化HSE管理系统的实施策略、实施流程,总结出一套适合中国石化直属企业的业务管理系统现场实施方案。     

紫外光谱法测定苯酚与苯胺和对苯二酚

苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚在紫外区具有吸收。文章采用紫外光谱法,分别对苯酚、笨胺和对苯二酚不同浓度的溶液进行紫外扫描,结果表明苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚的最大吸收波长分别为269.9 nm,280.30 nm,289.40 nm,对于同种物质不同浓度的溶液,其最大吸收波长相同;波长一定的情况下,物质的浓度越高,吸光度越大。然后通过加和性试验,分别对40 mg/L苯酚溶液、30 mg/L苯胺溶液、50 mg/L对苯二酚溶液进行紫外线扫描,将其相应波长的吸光度加和,再对单组分浓度相同的三组分混合溶液进行扫描,将实际加和与理论加和相比较,得出三组分的吸光度具有加和性。     

地质统计学在水环境研究中的应用

污染物迁移参数的空间变异性是当前水环境领域的研究热点之一,而地质统计学在这方面的研究,有着很好的应用前景。简单叙述了地质统计学的理论及方法,并介绍了其在水环境研究中的最新应用,基于这些应用的案例,对地质统计学在水环境研究中的应用现状进行了分析与评价。     

Effects of seasonal climatic variability on several toxic contaminants in urban lakes: Implications for the impacts of climate change

Climate change is supposed to have influences on water quality and ecosystem. However, only few studies have assessed the effect of climate change on environmental toxic contaminants in urban lakes. In this research, response of several toxic contaminants in twelve urban lakes in Beijing, China, to the seasonal variations in climatic factors was studied. Fluorides, volatile phenols, arsenic, selenium, and other water quality parameters were analyzed monthly from2009 to 2012. Multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between contaminants and climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Fluoride and arsenic concentrations in most urban lakes exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature/precipitation, which is mainly caused by rainfall induced diffuse pollution. A negative correlation was observed between volatile phenols and temperature/precipitation, and this could be explained by their enhanced volatilization and biodegradation rates caused by higher temperature. Selenium did not show a significant response to climatic factor variations, which was attributed to low selenium contents in the lakes and soils. Moreover, the response degrees of contaminants to climatic variations differ among lakes with different contamination levels. On average, temperature/precipitation contributed to 8%, 15%, and 12% of the variations in volatile phenols, arsenic, and fluorides,respectively. Beijing is undergoing increased temperature and heavy rainfall frequency during the past five decades. This study suggests that water quality related to fluoride and arsenic concentrations of most urban lakes in Beijing is becoming worse under this climate change trend.     

全球变暖对青藏高原腹地草地资源的影响

全球变化导致青藏高原腹地气候的暖干化趋势,也引起该区高寒草甸植被向高寒草原植被的退化。研究区内为高寒草甸一高寒草原过渡区,高寒草甸植被的退化速率为14.2km/10a,而相应地在退化区内生物总量亦呈下降趋势。气候暖干化是引起高原腹地植被退化的原因。而植被退化与区域生物总量的下降将成为影响该区环境自调能力和牧业经济发展的消极因素。     

我国生态保护与建设支出账户框架构建研究

生态保护与建设是我国生态文明建设的重要任务,生态保护与建设支出账户核算是环境经济核算的重要内容,但我国目前尚未开展系统的生态保护与建设支出核算。本文首先梳理了生态保护与建设支出核算的国际经验,指出我国生态保护与建设支出账户核算面临统计口径不完善、统计体系尚未建立、统计主体和对象仍不完整、统计数据呈部门化和分散化等问题。在此基础上,本文从生态保护与建设支出主体、支出分类、支出资金来源等方面初步构建了支出账户核算体系,并以2013年为例进行了初步估算。结果表明,我国财政资金用于生态保护与建设的支出总量不足,仅占当年GDP的0.25%。为推动生态保护与建设支出账户核算工作,建议应从预算科目、统计口径、统计主体、统计对象等方面不断完善生态保护与建设统计体系,加快推进生态保护与建设支出账户的构建与核算,并争取尽快纳入国民经济核算体系,以推进生态文明体制改革与制度建设的进程,促进我国生态保护与经济社会的协调发展。