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41.
Summary. Under field conditions significantly more black
chafer, Holotrichia loochooana loochooana (Sawada)
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) males landed on black and gray
sources than white ones containing 10 mg of female
pheromone, anthranilic acid. When a broader spectrum of
colours was tested the frequency of male landing was intensively
proportional to as the lightness of the colour of the
lures. These findings demonstrated that mate location by
H. l. loochooana males is dependent on
both olfactory and visual stimuli of the source. In contrast, female aggregation was not
affected by colour. 相似文献
42.
Taro Fuchikawa Yasukazu Okada Takahisa Miyatake Kazuki Tsuji 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(11):1843-1850
Social insects provide an intriguing model system in chronobiology. Typically, an egg-laying queen exhibits arrhythmicity in activity while foraging worker has clear rhythmicity. In the queenless ant, Diacamma sp., from Japan, colony members lack morphological caste, and reproductive differentiation occurs as a consequence of dominance hierarchy formation. Their specialized dominance interaction “gemmae mutilation”, provide us a fascinating model system to investigate the effect of social dominance on rhythmic ontogeny. Measurement of individual rhythms revealed that they have clear circadian rhythm at eclosion but it is diminished by social mutilation of gemmae. Moreover, unlike highly eusocial species, mated egg-layer (i.e., gamergate) possessed a circadian rhythm even after mating in Diacamma. Measurement of colony-level rhythms revealed that gemmae mutilations are performed in the limited time of the day, but foraging occurs around-the-clock. The above finding is a novel form of temporal organization in social insects, providing a new insight in morphologically casteless species. We discuss the causes and consequences of rhythmic variability in social organization. 相似文献
43.
综合自然灾害风险管理--全面整合的模式与中国的战略选择 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:27
综合自然灾害风险管理是目前国际上防灾减灾和灾害管理较先进的措施和模式,是针对各种自然灾害的全灾害的管理,是贯穿于灾害管理全过程,集中于灾害风险和承灾体脆弱性分析并强调多层面、多元化和多学科参与合作的全面整合的灾害管理模式。介绍了综合自然灾害风险管理的必要性、概念和本质,探讨了综合自然灾害管理的基本理论、对策及其实施过程和实施战略,在此基础上提出了对我国实施综合自然灾害风险管理的建议,为强化和推动我国综合自然灾害风险管理提供参考。 相似文献
44.
Kumar Jha V Kameshima Y Nakajima A Okada K MacKenzie KJ 《Journal of environmental management》2006,80(4):363-371
Uptake properties of Ni2+ were examined for unmilled and milled paper sludge calcined at various temperatures to develop a new usage of waste paper sludge. Since paper sludge mainly consists of cellulose ([C6H(10)O5]n) fibers, calcite (CaCO3), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and talc (Mg3Si(4)O(10)(OH)2), amorphous and crystalline CaO(MgO)-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2) compounds are formed by calcining paper sludge. Wet and dry milling treatments were performed to accelerate solid-state reaction to form the above mentioned target compounds. The crystalline phases originally present decompose at increasing calcining temperature (up to 800 degrees C) in the order cellulose 相似文献
45.
Potential for microbially mediated redox transformations and mobilization of arsenic in uncontaminated soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shigeki Yamamura Mirai Watanabe Norio Yamamoto Kazunari Sei Michihiko Ike 《Chemosphere》2009,77(2):169-174
Surface soil samples, which had no significant As contamination, were examined for As(V) reduction, As(III) oxidation and As mobilization capability. All five soil samples tested exhibited microbial As(V)-reducing activities both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions when As(V) reduction had almost ceased, oxidation of As(III) to As(V) occurred, whereas only As(V) reduction was observed under anaerobic conditions. In cultures incubated with As(III), As(III) was oxidized by indigenous soil microbes only under aerobic conditions. These results indicate that microbial redox transformations of As are ubiquitous in the natural environment regardless of background As levels. Mobilization through microbially mediated As(V) and Fe(III) reduction occurred both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Significant variation in dissolved As occurred depending on the Fe contents of soils, and re-immobilization of As arose in the presence of oxygen, presumably as a consequence of dissolved As(III) and Fe(II) oxidation. There was no apparent correlation between dissolved Fe(II) and As, suggesting that reductive dissolution of Fe(III) minerals does not necessarily determine the extent of As release from soils. 相似文献
46.
47.
Designing new institutions for implementing integrated disaster risk management: key elements and future directions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The goal of integrated disaster risk management is to promote an overall improvement in the quality of safety and security in a region, city or community at disaster risk. This paper presents the case for a thorough overhaul of the institutional component of integrated disaster risk management. A review of disaster management institutions in the United States indicates significant weaknesses in their ability to contribute effectively to the implementation of integrated disaster risk management. Our analysis and findings identify eight key elements for the design of dynamic new disaster management institutions. Six specific approaches are suggested for incorporating the identified key elements in building new institutions that would have significant potential for enhancing the effective implementation of integrated disaster risk management. We have developed a possible blueprint for effective design and construction of efficient, sustainable and functional disaster management institutions. 相似文献
48.
Norio Tanaka Teruko Demise Mitsuhiro Ishii Yasumasa Shoji Masahiro Nakaoka 《Marine Biology》2011,158(4):871-882
Massive losses of eelgrass Zostera marina beds in Japan have occurred over the past 100 years. Toward their restoration, transplantation of eelgrass has been attempted
in some areas, including Tokyo Bay. This study examined population genetic structures and gene flow in eelgrass in Tokyo Bay
to establish guidelines for conducting restoration. Genotypes of a total of 360 individuals from 12 beds were determined using
five microsatellite markers. The eelgrass beds in inner bay had above-average genetic diversity. A neighbor-joining tree based
on F
ST values among beds revealed that a strong gene flow had occurred among six beds in the inner bay. Genetic assignment testing
of drifting shoots indicated that those with seeds migrate in both directions between the inner and outer bay. We suggested
that the restoration of eelgrass in the innermost part of Tokyo Bay, where natural habitats have been lost, should be conducted
using the inner bay beds. 相似文献
49.
Norio Miyamoto Tomoko Yamamoto Yoichi Yusa Yoshihiro Fujiwara 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(3):285-289
Bone-eating worms of the genus Osedax exclusively inhabit sunken vertebrate bones on the seafloor. The unique lifestyle and morphology of Osedax spp. have received much scientific attention, but the whole process of their development has not been observed. We herein report the postembryonic development and settlement of Osedax japonicus Fujikura et al. (Zool Sci 23:733–740, 2006). Fertilised eggs were spawned into the mucus of a female, and the larvae swam out from the mucus at the trochophore stage. Larvae survived for 10 days under laboratory conditions. The larvae settled on bones, elongated their bodies and crawled around on the bones. Then they secreted mucus to create a tube and the palps started to develop. The palps of O. japonicus arose from the prostomium, whereas the anterior appendages of other siboglinids arose from the peristomium. The recruitment of dwarf males was induced by rearing larvae with adult females. Females started to spawn eggs 6 weeks after settlement. 相似文献
50.
Experience-dependent tactics of males trying to gain access to females were examined in the beetle Gnatocerus cornutus, which engages in male–male fighting for mates. In male fights, subsequent behavior is modified by winning and losing experiences.
Males, therefore, may choose between several behavioral tactics to obtain a mate, based on his previous fighting experience.
In G. cornutus, we examined for how long aggressive behaviors were modified by experiences of winning or losing, i.e., the duration of the
prior experience effect. Losing decreased a male's frequency of fighting for 4 days, and few defeated males fought any male
regardless of the opponent's size. By the fifth day, this effect disappeared. No modulation of male behavior due to winning
was observed. Furthermore, the experience of losing not only decreased a male's aggressiveness but also switched the male
behavior from fighting to dispersal from the fight site to another site. In future, it is necessary to clarify why the optimal
term of the losing experience is 4 days in this beetle. 相似文献