Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

氯氰菊酯降解菌的筛选及其降解特性的初步研究

以氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源从土壤中分离筛选得到22株氯氰菊酯降解菌,其中G201和G203降解活性较高且稳定性较好,选择这2株菌进一步研究了培养条件对降解率及降解速率的影响。结果表明,2株菌在中性培养液中降解率达到最大;菌株G201当氯氰菊酯的质量浓度不超过200mg·L-1时降解速率与浓度成正比;外加少量碳、氮源如淀粉、葡萄糖、牛肉膏、蛋白胨淀粉等,可以显著提高菌株的降解能力。     

大使的环保情节--访挪威驻华大使赫图安先生

赫图安(Tor Chr．Hildan)大使似乎与本杂志有缘，在他刚刚接到出任驻华大使任书的同时．也接到了本刊通过挪威驻华使馆文化专员梅园梅(Rigmor Kristin Johnsen)女士转达的采访邀请．他欣然接受了本刊的采访邀请，原意把本刊作为他来华后首先接受采访的媒体．并希望能为《世界环境》提供支持。     

阿拉伯半岛沙尘时空分布特征及气象条件

通过对阿拉伯半岛地面90个气象站20年沙尘天气、AI指数及风场的时空分布特征结合气象条件分析，确定该区域沙尘天气的发生规律及传输路径.结果表明：永久多尘地区是半岛扬沙发生最频繁的区域，从2月开始扩张，并在6月达到最大.浮尘的时空分布与扬沙类似，但还存在希贾兹山脉北部和波斯湾沿岸的高值中心，3月与永久多尘地区的高值区连成一片，6~7月达到最大，然后开始收缩并分裂成几个小中心.AI指数存在一个像倒箭头的相对高值中心，其变化具有明显的单峰分布，强度和范围在6月最大.10~4月和5~9月半岛分别盛行顺时针、逆时针旋转的风向，它们将沙尘远程传输到下游地区.天气学分析表明，冷锋入侵半岛使得来自北方的冷空气快速锲入暖空气之下，是导致沙尘天气出现的主要原因；后向轨迹聚类分析显示，半岛存在3类传输路径，其重要性依次为西北方向撒哈拉沙漠的远程传输、反气旋风场将来自伊拉克或伊朗的沙尘远程传输和本地的沙尘源传输.     

三维电解法深度处理电解锰废水技术研究

实验研究了模拟含锰废水在三维电解槽中的电化学氧化过程.考察了电解时间、电解电压及锰废水初始浓度对锰去除效果的影响,并确定适宜的反应条件.实验表明,在填充活性炭与树脂的条件下,在低电压短时间内,充分提高填充粒子的利用率,达到较好的锰离子去除效果.     

关于提高环境统计数据质量方法的探讨

环境统计覆盖面广,牵涉多方面利益。目前,环保部门监管存在缺位、不到位,个体数据错漏较多,同时,部分环保部门在统计工作中弄虚作假,导致汇总结果误差较大。改进核算方法,改变统计是数字汇总的传统观念,通过综合评估,宏观调控,能有效地提高数据质量,可操作性强。     

关于锅炉大气污染物排放标准的思考

多年来锅炉大气污染物排放标准,一直沿用以锅炉排放污染物的浓度来评价的方法.由于锅炉燃烧的方式,锅炉运行、维护等方面的管理上存在很大的差异,目前低温连续供热的理念地提出,都给锅炉排放污染物的评价带来新的考验.本文主要探讨,锅炉大气污染物的评价指标以污染物排放量还是以浓度为标准,更能体现锅炉运行的实际状况,更准确地反映污染源源强.     

BASINS 3.0系统述评

BASINS3．0(Better Assessment Science Integrating Pointand Non-point Sources)是美国环保局(USEPA)用于流域环境管理与规划的模型系统．可对多种尺度不同污染物的点源和非点源进行综合分析。它以ArcView软件为平台．成功地将不同的过程模块结合．组成系统构架．大大增强了系统的模拟能力。提高了模型效率。是一个十分值得推广的现代模型系统。笔者介绍了BASINS系统的结构、功能、处理流程、模型内容和独特的运行控制方式。并对其优缺点进行了评论。     

吸附剂吸附除镉的研究进展

镉离子主要来源于电镀、电池、合金制造、颜料、采矿与选矿行业排放的工业废水。研究废水中去除镉离子的吸附方法具有重大意义。文章从吸附技术角度出发,对去除镉的离子交换、壳聚糖吸附、利用藻类物质的吸附、利用甘蔗渣吸附、利用电解铝的红泥吸附的技术进行了综述。     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.