Watershed protection and landscape enhancement by utilization of river water

A scheme for watershed protection and landscape enhaneement(WPLE) by utilization of fiver water was proposed to renovate water resources and protect ecological environment in Qiongshan City, Hainan Province, China. Utilization of fiver water may diminish the drought and flood risks. The scheme is benefieial to solve the problems of water resources shortage, groundwater declines and saltwater intrusion in the watershed. The object of the WPLE scheme is to aehieve a sustainable integrated development of environment, ecology, economy and society.A kind of physieally beautiful and funetionally vivid landscape may exert its synthetieal funetion on the diversity of landscape and the enjoyment of inhabitants. Feasibility of the scheme will be demonstrated by more exoeriments and tests, as well as observations in a long term.     

金属浓度,半透膜孔径,水温及配位体对半透膜囊吸收铜的影响

在实验室条件下，研究了影响树脂－半透膜囊吸收铜的主要因素，重点探讨了水相铜含量，半透膜孔径，温度以及天然河水中的有机配位体对吸收的影响。结果表明，半透膜囊吸收量与水相游离铜浓度，水温及半透膜孔径的非整数次幂成正比，其中包括ＥＤＴＡ，河水富里酸，以及河水中的各种天然有机物在内的配位体均与铜生成不能被半透膜囊吸收的络合物，研究结果进一步证实了半透膜囊对水环境中游离态微量金属进行长期监测的可行性。     

不同抗生素种类及浓度对麻疯树培养的影响

以麻疯树(jatropha ctrcas)的子叶、真叶、根及其对应的愈伤组织作为实验材料,研究各种抗生素对其生长的影响;在MS培养基中添加不同浓度和不同种类的抗生素,比较其对麻疯树不同外植体及对应愈伤组织生长的影响.方差分析和总体观察的结果表明,用于筛选转化植株的最佳抗生素是卡那霉素,其最佳抗性筛选浓度范围为10～25mg/L.表9参10     

我国海域内船舶溢油发生次数概率的特点

根据我国海域内船舶溢油历史纪录 ,利用概率分析方法探讨不同溢油量等级溢油事故发生次数的概率特点。分析结果表明 ,不同溢油量等级溢油事件在概率分布上的差异明显 ,且与定性分析的结论并不完全一致 ,这将有助于溢油事件发生特征的深入了解。     

OHO-MBR组合工艺处理实际焦化废水的可行性

焦化废水因其生物毒性强、高腐蚀性及高COD/TN比的特点,对传统生物处理工艺提出了更高的挑战,故新型生物工艺的探索对于特殊水质达标可行性及工艺经济性具有重要意义。为此,构建了新型好氧-水解-好氧(OHO)-膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺用于焦化废水处理,利用实际焦化废水开展了现场小试研究,考察了焦化废水中典型污染物的去除效果,结合工艺运行参数和水质指标测定结果,解析了典型污染物在OHO-MBR工艺中的转化规律。在稳定运行情况下,焦化废水经OHO-MBR工艺处理的实际运行结果表明：当总停留时间设定为56 h时,进水COD、TN、${{\rm{NH}}_4^ +} $-N、SCN−-N的平均值分别为3 063、146、27.3、85.1 mg·L−1的条件下,组合工艺即使在环境温度偏低(10~20 ℃)的情况下仍能实现对COD、TN、${{\rm{NH}}_4^ +} $-N、SCN−-N平均85.9%、65.4%、95.1%、98.6%的去除;在膜通量为20 L·(m2·h)−1的条件下,工艺运行90 d,跨膜压差维持在10 kPa以内,表明组合工艺处理实际焦化废水的初步可行性;在OHO的O2反应器中添加膜组件可去除焦化废水中的悬浮物及胶体组分,有效截留和富集常规工艺中不易增殖的特种功能微生物,提高反应器处理负荷与抗冲击能力。以上结果表明,在无需对基建设施进行大规模改造的前提下,OHO-MBR可以作为现有工艺提升出水水质的改进技术选择。     

华蓥山国家地质公园盆景式石林的形态特征与生态成因

以华蓥山国家地质公园内盆景式石林为研究对象,用遮蔽指数、侧蔽指数、偏率和侧视指数4个指标对盆景式石林的特征进行描述,并分析其生态成因.结果表明,其总体特征是树冠冠幅面积大于石柱底面积,sh约为1.49;si约为0.36,石柱上部1/4部分生物的生化作用最强烈;树冠形态具有不对称性美,ti约为1.5,sl约为0.48.其形态特征与华蓥山地质基础、小气候环境植物与石柱的生长发育阶段和人为因素有关.     

MBR工艺处理维生素C制药废水的中试实验

主要介绍了某维生素制造企业废水系统运行情况以及MBR改造工艺的启动方法和在不同工艺条件下的运行情况。通过比较2种工艺条件,确定污泥浓度控制在8000mg/L,溶解氧控制在2mg/L,水力停留时间14h,系统对CODCr的平均去除率能达到90·20%,氨氮的平均去除率能达到89·95%。     

Understanding the risks of mercury sulfide nanoparticles in the environment: Formation, presence, and environmental behaviors

Mercury (Hg) could be microbially methylated to the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg), raising health concerns. Understanding the methylation of various Hg species is thus critical in predicting the MeHg risk. Among the known Hg species, mercury sulfide (HgS) is the largest Hg reservoir in the lithosphere and has long been considered to be highly inert. However, with advances in the analytical methods of nanoparticles, HgS nanoparticles (HgS NPs) have recently been detected in various environmental matrices or organisms. Furthermore, pioneering laboratory studies have reported the high bioavailability of HgS NPs. The formation, presence, and transformation (e.g., methylation) of HgS NPs are intricately related to several environmental factors, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM). The complexity of the behavior of HgS NPs and the heterogeneity of DOM prevent us from comprehensively understanding and predicting the risk of HgS NPs. To reveal the role of HgS NPs in Hg biogeochemical cycling, research needs should focus on the following aspects: the formation pathways, the presence, and the environmental behaviors of HgS NPs impacted by the dominant influential factor of DOM. We thus summarized the latest progress in these aspects and proposed future research priorities, e.g., developing the detection techniques of HgS NPs and probing HgS NPs in various matrices, further exploring the interactions between DOM and HgS NPs. Besides, as most of the previous studies were conducted in laboratories, our current knowledge should be further refreshed through field observations, which would help to gain better insights into predicting the Hg risks in natural environment.     

Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar

Iron-modified corn straw biochar was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from agricultural runoff. When agricultural runoffs with a total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 1.86 mg·L⁻¹ to 2.47 mg·L⁻¹ were filtered at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h through a filtration column packed with the modified biochar, a TP removal efficiency of over 99% and an effluent TP concentration of less than 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ were achieved. The isotherms of the phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The mechanism of the phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar was analyzed by using various technologies, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the surface of the modified biochar was covered by small iron granules, which were identified as Fe₃O₄. The results also showed that new iron oxides were formed on the surface of the modified biochar after the adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, new bonds of Fe-O-P and P-C were found, which suggested that the new iron oxides tend to be Fe₅(PO₄)₄(OH)₃. Aside from removing phosphorus, adding the modified biochar into soil also improved soil productivity. When the modified biochar-to-soil rate was 5%, the stem, root, and bean of broad bean plants demonstrated increased growth rates of 91%, 64%, and 165%, respectively.     

中小型燃煤锅炉新型混式除尘脱硫技术及其技术经济分析

新型湿式除尘脱硫技术除尘效率高，脱硫效果好，不需投放碱性物质，以废治废，综合利用。结构紧凑，无需大面积沉淀池、无需另增掘泥设备与人员。初投资省，运行费用低，技术经济性能优越。是一种适合我国国情，很有开发前景的新型湿式除尘技术。